Multi-Objective SHM Sensor Path Optimisation for Damage Detection in Large Composite Stiffened Panels

This work proposes a novel methodology for the automatic multi-objective optimisation of sensor paths in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) sensor networks using Archived Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (AMOSA). Using all of the sensor paths within a sensor network may not always be beneficial during damage detection. Many sensor paths may experience significant signal noise, attenuation, and wave mode conversion due to the presence of features, such as stiffeners, and hence impair the detection accuracy of the overall system. Many paths will also contribute little to the overall coverage level or damage detection accuracy of the network, and can be ignored, reducing complexity. Knowing which paths to include, and which to exclude, can require significant prior expert knowledge, which may not always be available. Furthermore, even when expert knowledge is considered, the optimum path selection might not be achieved. Therefore, this work proposes a novel automatic procedure for optimising the sensor paths of a SHM sensor network to maximise coverage level, maximise damage detection accuracy, and minimise the overall signal noise in the network due to geometric features. This procedure was tested on a real-world large composite stiffened panel, with many geometric features in the form of frames and stiffeners. Compared to using all of the available sensor pairs, the optimized network exhibits superior performance in terms of detection accuracy and overall noise. It was also found to provide very similar performance, in terms of coverage level and overall signal noise, to a sensor path network designed based on prior expert knowledge, but provided up to 35\% higher damage detection accuracy. As a result, the novel procedure proposed in this work has the capability to design high-performing SHM sensor path networks for structures with complex geometries, but without the need for prior expert knowledge, making SHM more accessible to the engineering community.