The thesis will focus on the role of the “facts” in decision making of the Italian Constitutional Court, in particular, in the judicial review. This procedure has a mainly “abstract” character. Indeed, the role of the Parties in the trial is very limited. It might even be taken place without them. And the intervention of third parties is almost completely excluded. That makes it difficult to introduce the “facts” in the proceedings and consequently to introduce all those interests contemplated by the provision of law of doubtful constitutionality. In the first part of my thesis, I delimit the object of study. I will focus on the facts the Italian Constitutional Court can know, i.e. the “legislative facts”. In fact, the Court is a judge of legitimacy and it does not take into account the facts of the case that gave rise to the indirect procedure for the control of constitutionality. The legislative facts are all those facts that serve to better understand both the provision subject of the control and the constitutional reference provision. It concerns natural, social, economic, political, scientific and administrative facts. Because the Court makes rarely use of its powers of instructions, the question arises as to how introducing those facts in the trial. Indeed, the analysis on formal modalities through which the Court acquires the knowledge of those facts highlights that instruments provided for by legislator (i.e. the judge’s order introducing the proceedings; the possible brief of the parties or of those intervening in the judgment) are not sufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to the integrate evidentiary materials on which the decision is based. In a comparative perspective, I analyze the “amicus curiae”(friend of the court) brief, that is used in the common-law systems in order to supplement the knowledge of the judge on controversial issues. The amici, which are not present in Italian legal order, on the one hand they are very useful to provide the justices with myriad information regarding their perceptions of the correct application of the law in the case, on the other – considering the influence of the amicus curiae activity on justices’ decision – lend themselves to being exploited by the interest groups. This poses problems on the reliability of their briefs. The aim of this comparative study is to understand whether it is possible to apply this system to the indirect procedure for the control of constitutionality, and – if so – at which conditions. The purpose of my thesis is to define a legal model of investigation on the relevant evidences which could be suitable for the constitutional justice. Considering the important role of Italian Constitutional Court – which acts almost as policy makers –, it is necessary that the introduction of the evidentiary materials should take place in a transparent and controllable manner.

La tesi ha ad oggetto la dimensione “concreta” dei giudizi di legittimità costituzionale promossi in via incidentale. In particolare, si focalizza sul ruolo dei «fatti» nelle decisioni della Corte: quali fatti sono presi in considerazione dalla Corte costituzionale ove venga messa in dubbio la legittimità di una disposizione, e come i medesimi entrano nel giudizio di legittimità costituzionale. La ricerca parte dal mettere in rilievo l’importanza dei fatti anche nell’ambito del giudizio incidentale di legittimità costituzionale, che è notoriamente un giudizio su norme. Posto che i fatti presi in considerazione dalla Corte non sono i fatti della causa principale (c.d. adjudicative facts), ma tutti quei fatti funzionali a comprendere il contenuto della norma impugnata nonché gli effetti di una eventuale dichiarazione di illegittimità sull’ordinamento (c.d. legislative facts), la tesi si propone di indagare come avviene sia la loro introduzione sia il loro accertamento. In merito al primo profilo, si constata che, poste l’efficacia generale delle sentenze di accoglimento e il conseguente coinvolgimento di tutti nella decisione della Corte, i canali di accesso “ufficiali” dei fatti nel processo incidentale si rivelano insufficienti ad introdurre tutti gli interessi contemplati dalla disposizione di legge di dubbia costituzionalità. In merito al secondo profilo, l’indeterminatezza dei fatti legislativi mette in discussione la possibilità di compiere un’istruzione finalizzata al loro “accertamento”. L’accertamento in termini di esistenza o inesistenza, verità o falsità delle proposizioni che li affermano, invero, presuppone il riferimento a fattispecie concrete e a soggetti determinati. Quindi, la tesi si propone di delineare in termini generali un tipo di istruzione che possa essere adeguata al giudizio costituzionale, che sia perciò finalizzata a consentire l’ingresso di tutti gli interessi anche solo di riflesso coinvolti nella decisione (attraverso gli amici curiae), e con essi il contestuale ingresso di ipotesi fattuali alternative, utili a pervenire ad un più “razionale” convincimento del giudice.

I «FATTI» NEL GIUDIZIO INCIDENTALE DI LEGITTIMITÀ COSTITUZIONALE

VICARIO, Mariarosa
2019

Abstract

The thesis will focus on the role of the “facts” in decision making of the Italian Constitutional Court, in particular, in the judicial review. This procedure has a mainly “abstract” character. Indeed, the role of the Parties in the trial is very limited. It might even be taken place without them. And the intervention of third parties is almost completely excluded. That makes it difficult to introduce the “facts” in the proceedings and consequently to introduce all those interests contemplated by the provision of law of doubtful constitutionality. In the first part of my thesis, I delimit the object of study. I will focus on the facts the Italian Constitutional Court can know, i.e. the “legislative facts”. In fact, the Court is a judge of legitimacy and it does not take into account the facts of the case that gave rise to the indirect procedure for the control of constitutionality. The legislative facts are all those facts that serve to better understand both the provision subject of the control and the constitutional reference provision. It concerns natural, social, economic, political, scientific and administrative facts. Because the Court makes rarely use of its powers of instructions, the question arises as to how introducing those facts in the trial. Indeed, the analysis on formal modalities through which the Court acquires the knowledge of those facts highlights that instruments provided for by legislator (i.e. the judge’s order introducing the proceedings; the possible brief of the parties or of those intervening in the judgment) are not sufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to the integrate evidentiary materials on which the decision is based. In a comparative perspective, I analyze the “amicus curiae”(friend of the court) brief, that is used in the common-law systems in order to supplement the knowledge of the judge on controversial issues. The amici, which are not present in Italian legal order, on the one hand they are very useful to provide the justices with myriad information regarding their perceptions of the correct application of the law in the case, on the other – considering the influence of the amicus curiae activity on justices’ decision – lend themselves to being exploited by the interest groups. This poses problems on the reliability of their briefs. The aim of this comparative study is to understand whether it is possible to apply this system to the indirect procedure for the control of constitutionality, and – if so – at which conditions. The purpose of my thesis is to define a legal model of investigation on the relevant evidences which could be suitable for the constitutional justice. Considering the important role of Italian Constitutional Court – which acts almost as policy makers –, it is necessary that the introduction of the evidentiary materials should take place in a transparent and controllable manner.
BIN, Roberto
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487920
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