Usi e conflitti nel Parco Nazionale dell'Asinara (Italia)

In Italy, two acts regulate the conservation of natural environment: Act no. 979/1982 on the sea defense and Act no. 394/1991 on protected areas. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and National Parks (NP) are considered one of the most effective tools in promoting the preservation and conservation of the environment as well as sustainable development, providing social and economic benefits to local communities. However, without effective management, protected areas are unlikely to achieve the high expectations of conservation and development and have been often criticized for leading to negative social, economic, cultural and political impacts to local communities. This represents a problematic issue because the success of a protected area depends on the local perceptions of socioeconomic and ecological outcomes and on the perceptions of the effectiveness and quality of management and governance policies, institutions, and processes. Furthermore, the designation of national park also leads to conflicts between local communities and managers. As national parks and surrounding communities are highly dependent on each other, the task of managing stakeholder interests and potential use conflicts should be of high priority for park managers.The study aims to identify and analyze exiting or potential conflicts between the management of the National Park of Asinara, the local population, the uses and activities. The results will be successively used to identify and map zones with major conflicts, eventual zones with an overlap of the use of the resources. The maps within GIS represent a useful tool for the managing authorities of the National Park of Asinara and also for communication practices between authorities and stakeholders.