Synthesis and biological activity of human neuropeptide S analogues modified in position 2

Neuropeptide S (NPS) has been identified as the endogenous ligand of a previously orphan receptor now named NPSR. Previous studies demonstrated that the N-terminal sequence Phe2-Arg3-Asn4 of the peptide is crucial for biological activity. Here we report on a focused structure-activity study of Phe2 which has been replaced with a series of coded and non coded amino acids. 31 human NPS analogs were synthesized and pharmacologically tested for intracellular calcium mobilization using HEK293 cells stably expressing the mouse NPSR. The results of this study demonstrated the following NPS position 2 structure-activity features: lipophilicity but not aromaticity is crucial; both the size of the chemical moiety and its distance from the peptide backbone are important for biological activity; this position plays a role in both receptor binding and activation, since [4,4’- biphenyl-Ala2]hNPS behaved as a partial agonist