Adolescence is a critical period in a person's lifetime in relation to the initiation and regular pracrtice of risk behaviors. This chapter deals with drug consumption during this stage of life. First, we carried out an epidemiological analysis of this behavior, where we studied factors such as the age of initiation, regular use, and prevalence or consumption patterns of legal and illegal drug use. Second, after reviewing the various explanatory models and current theories on drug consumption, we explored this behavior from a psychosocial perspective. Finally, we carefully examined the factors that accountfor the use of drugs during adolescence within different interrelated contexts(individual, microsocial and macrosocial).