Efficacy of sodium oxybate plus disulfiram for the maintenance of alcohol abstinence in treatment-resistant patients with alcohol use disorder: a multicentre retrospective study

Introduction. Disulfiram (DF), acamprosate, naltrexone, baclofen and sodium oxybate (SO) are currently the medications approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this context, combined pharmacological interventions and sex differences are an interesting area in the treatment of non-responder AUD patients. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of SO in combination with DF in maintaining alcohol abstinence in patients with AUD who failed to achieve abstinence either with SO or DF alone. Methods and results. 126 detoxified AUD patients, previously treated with only SO or DF, were retrospectively enrolled from 2018 to 2022. At the end of treatment, a higher number of females than males (74.1% vs 66.3%: p=0.03) maintained continuous absti- nence from alcohol, and all the females responded completely or partially to the treatment. Conclusions. This study shows that the combination of SO and DF may be considered a further pharmacological opportunity for AUD patients (particularly in females) who do not respond to mono-therapy.