Tropospheric ozone effect on olfactory perception and olfactory bulb dopaminergic interneuron excitability

Ozone (O3) forms in the Earth's atmosphere, both naturally and by reactions of man-made air pollutants. Deleterious effects of O3 have been found in the respiratory system. Here, we examine whether O3 alters olfactory behavior and cellular properties in the olfactory system. For this purpose, mice were exposed to O3 at a concentration found in highly polluted city air [0.8 ppm], and the behavior elicited by social and non-social odors in abituation/dishabituation tests was assessed. In addition, the electrical responses of dopaminergic olfactory bulb (OB) neurons were also evaluated. O3 differentially compromises olfactory perception to odors: it reduces responses to social and non-social odors in Swiss Webster mice, while this effect was observed in C57BL/6 J mice only for some non-social odors. Additionally, O3 reduced the rate of spontaneous spike firing in periglomerular dopaminergic cells (PG-DA) of the OB. Because this effect could reflect changes in excitability and/or synaptic inputs, the ability of O3 to alter PG-DA spontaneous activity was also tested together with cell membrane resistance, membrane potential, rheobase and chronaxie. Taken together, our data suggest the ability of O3 to affect olfactory perception.