Language Proficiency and F0 Entrainment: A Study of L2 English Imitation in Italian, French, and Slovak Speakers

This study explores F0 entrainment in second language (L2) English speech imitation during an Alternating Reading Task (ART). Participants with Italian, French, and Slovak native lan- guages imitated English utterances, and their F0 entrainment was quantified using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) dis- tance between the parameterized F0 contours of the imitated utterances and those of the model utterances. Results indi- cate a nuanced relationship between L2 English proficiency and entrainment: speakers with higher proficiency generally ex- hibit less entrainment in pitch variation and declination. How- ever, within dyads, the more proficient speakers demonstrate a greater ability to mimic pitch range, leading to increased en- trainment. This suggests that proficiency influences entrain- ment differently at individual and dyadic levels, highlighting the complex interplay between language skill and prosodic adaptation.