The pursuit of public interest, or, more broadly, supra-individual interests, in the Modern Age States has been a central focus of important historiographical studies. These studies have ultimately rejected the existence, during that extensive period, of a juridical mode of exercising power specifically directed towards the aforementioned object. In particular, the recognition of an ‘administrative function’ within the legal framework of the Ancien Régime has been hindered by the difficulty of reconciling, on the one hand, the capacity of administrative decisions to self-legitimize – within the bounds of the legal constraints to which they are subject – their own content with, on the other hand, the necessity, pervasive and “constitutional” in pre-contemporary statehood, for each act to establish an order of interests objectively fair. The investigation aims at precisely addressing this crucial premise. The underlying conviction is that the partial unquestionability of administrative decisions is merely a historically contingent characteristic and, therefore, does not connote in an essential and defining way acts resulting from a power exercised administratively; rather, such a partial unquestionability seems to constitute an implication of the centrality of the normative element that the principle of legality currently entails. After all, the same historiography advocating the contrary has emphasized the absolute predominance of magistrate acts aimed at pursuing public interests compared to those concerning inter-private affairs. Therefore, the fact that every activity related to the care of collective interests normally concluded with a judgment pronouncing even on the convenience of the appealed decision in relation to the pursued interest, as well as its conformity to equity, does not necessarily mean that the only existing legal function in the Modern Age was the ‘jurisdictional’ one; it just suggests that the ‘administrative’ function was in no way alternative to the former. To demonstrate this different reconstructive hypothesis, the work has been divided into two Parts. Part One is dedicated to rebutting the aforementioned theoretical incompatibility between the administrative function and the full jurisdictional review of the acts expressing it. Essential points of this phase of the research include the critical analysis of the concept of the administrative (and the jurisdictional) function and the recognition of the repercussions of the ‘norm-centric’ political framework on the definition of public interest as the ‘interest of the public party’ rather than the ‘public interest in an objective meaning’. Part Two then attempts to bring out more concretely the indicated basic assumption established in Part One, making reference to various doctrinal and archival sources related, the latter ones, also for reasons of practical feasibility of the research, to the Este States of the 17th and 18th centuries. In particular, Part Two aims at highlighting the relevance of the functional element in the legal systems of the Ancien Régime as a criterion for the relationship among exercising power institutions and, furthermore, the recurrence – not at all eccentric with respect to the legal experience in question – of ‘executive’ modules traditionally considered typical of contemporary legicentric statehood.

La cura degli interessi pubblici, o, più genericamente, sovra-individuali, negli Stati d’Età Moderna è stata al centro degli studi di autorevole storiografia, la quale ha infine escluso la sussistenza, in quel lungo arco di tempo, di una modalità giuridica di esercizio del potere avente quale oggetto specifico quello appena ricordato. In particolare, il riconoscimento di una ‘funzione amministrativa’ nell’ambito dell’esperienza giuridica d’Ancien Régime è stato ostacolato dalla difficoltà di conciliare, da un lato, la capacità delle decisioni amministrative di autolegittimare imperativamente – entro i limiti dei vincoli legali cui esse soggiacciono – il proprio contenuto con, dall’altro lato, la necessità, pervasiva e “costituzionale” nella statualità pre-contemporanea, che ogni atto stabilisse un assetto di interessi alla fine obbiettivamente giusto. L’indagine si propone di intervenire precisamente su tale decisiva premessa. La convinzione di fondo, infatti, è che la parziale insindacabilità, o non azionabilità, delle decisioni amministrative non sia che una loro caratteristica storico-contingente e che, pertanto, essa non connoti in modo essenziale e definitorio gli atti che sono il risultato di un potere esercitato in forma, appunto, amministrativa; piuttosto, sembra che essa costituisca un’implicazione della centralità dell’elemento normativo che, oggi, il principio di legalità importa. La stessa storiografia che opina in senso contrario a questo, del resto, ha sottolineato l’assoluta preponderanza degli atti magistratuali finalizzati al perseguimento di pubblici interessi rispetto a quelli concernenti rapporti inter-privati. Che, dunque, ogni attività rivolta alla cura di interessi collettivi si chiudesse normalmente con una sentenza che si pronunciava finanche sull’opportunità della decisione ricorsa in ordine all’interesse perseguito, oltre che sulla sua rispondenza a equità, non segnala necessariamente che l’unica funzione giuridica sussistente in Età Moderna fosse quella ‘giurisdizionale’, ma piuttosto come la funzione ‘amministrativa’ non fosse in alcuna misura alternativa alla prima. Per dimostrare questa differente ipotesi ricostruttiva, il lavoro è stato articolato in due Parti. La Prima è dedicata allo scardinamento della suddetta, ritenuta inconciliabilità teorica tra funzione amministrativa e pienezza del sindacato giurisdizionale sugli atti che della medesima sono espressione. Punti essenziali di questa fase della ricerca sono l’analisi critica del concetto di funzione amministrativa (e giurisdizionale) e la ricognizione delle ripercussioni dell’impianto “normocentrico” sulla declinazione dell’interesse pubblico come ‘interesse della parte pubblica’, più che come ‘interesse pubblico in senso obbiettivo’. La Parte Seconda tenta quindi di far emergere con maggiore concretezza l’indicato assunto di base stabilito nella Parte Prima, operando un richiamo a diverse fonti dottrinali e archivistiche relative, queste ultime, anche per ragioni di pratica realizzabilità della ricerca, agli Stati Estensi dei secoli XVII e XVIII. In particolare, la Parte Seconda intende evidenziare la rilevanza dell’elemento funzionale negli ordinamenti d’Antico Regime come criterio di rapporto tra istituzioni esercenti il potere e, inoltre, la ricorrenza – per nulla eccentrica rispetto all’esperienza giuridica in parola – di moduli di stampo ‘esecutivo’ considerati tradizionalmente tipici della statualità contemporanea legicentrica.

L'esercizio del potere in 'forma' amministrativa in uno Stato d'Ancien Régime (secc. XVII-XVIII). Modelli teorici e gerarchie istituzionali

FABI, FEDERICO
2024

Abstract

The pursuit of public interest, or, more broadly, supra-individual interests, in the Modern Age States has been a central focus of important historiographical studies. These studies have ultimately rejected the existence, during that extensive period, of a juridical mode of exercising power specifically directed towards the aforementioned object. In particular, the recognition of an ‘administrative function’ within the legal framework of the Ancien Régime has been hindered by the difficulty of reconciling, on the one hand, the capacity of administrative decisions to self-legitimize – within the bounds of the legal constraints to which they are subject – their own content with, on the other hand, the necessity, pervasive and “constitutional” in pre-contemporary statehood, for each act to establish an order of interests objectively fair. The investigation aims at precisely addressing this crucial premise. The underlying conviction is that the partial unquestionability of administrative decisions is merely a historically contingent characteristic and, therefore, does not connote in an essential and defining way acts resulting from a power exercised administratively; rather, such a partial unquestionability seems to constitute an implication of the centrality of the normative element that the principle of legality currently entails. After all, the same historiography advocating the contrary has emphasized the absolute predominance of magistrate acts aimed at pursuing public interests compared to those concerning inter-private affairs. Therefore, the fact that every activity related to the care of collective interests normally concluded with a judgment pronouncing even on the convenience of the appealed decision in relation to the pursued interest, as well as its conformity to equity, does not necessarily mean that the only existing legal function in the Modern Age was the ‘jurisdictional’ one; it just suggests that the ‘administrative’ function was in no way alternative to the former. To demonstrate this different reconstructive hypothesis, the work has been divided into two Parts. Part One is dedicated to rebutting the aforementioned theoretical incompatibility between the administrative function and the full jurisdictional review of the acts expressing it. Essential points of this phase of the research include the critical analysis of the concept of the administrative (and the jurisdictional) function and the recognition of the repercussions of the ‘norm-centric’ political framework on the definition of public interest as the ‘interest of the public party’ rather than the ‘public interest in an objective meaning’. Part Two then attempts to bring out more concretely the indicated basic assumption established in Part One, making reference to various doctrinal and archival sources related, the latter ones, also for reasons of practical feasibility of the research, to the Este States of the 17th and 18th centuries. In particular, Part Two aims at highlighting the relevance of the functional element in the legal systems of the Ancien Régime as a criterion for the relationship among exercising power institutions and, furthermore, the recurrence – not at all eccentric with respect to the legal experience in question – of ‘executive’ modules traditionally considered typical of contemporary legicentric statehood.
GREGGI, Marco
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2542919
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