Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system described by James Parkinson in 1817 in "Eassay on the Shaking Palsy". James Parkinson himself describes it as a complex, progressive and disabling disease. The etiology of PD is multifactorial and it is the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The diagnosis is made after the onset of the motor manifestations of the disease that occur when there is the loss of a good percentage of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. Key signs for diagnosis are the presence of bradykinesia (slowness in the execution of the movement associated with a decrease in speed and amplitude in repetitive movements), plastic rigidity (increased muscle tone in the flexor muscles during passive mobilization), tremor at asymmetrical rest and postural instability. Constipation is the main and most disabling non-motor symptom in PD. Its prevalence varies from 24.6% to 63% depending on the different diagnostic criteria used. In PD, constipation is more related to a slowing of colonic transit or puborectal dyssynergia. Among the therapeutic options, especially in the case of neurological bowel, transanal irrigation (TAI) is particularly indicated in the case of poor response to conventional conservative treatments, as well as an adequate restoration of intestinal homeostasis that is altered in PD by various factors. Objectives: - Primary: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Trans-Anal Irrigation (TAI) in the treatment of constipation and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease, both in early-intermediate and advanced stages -Secondary: a) to evaluate the correlation between microbiota composition in PD patients compared to the baseline composition of a healthy Italian individual and to evaluate the changes in the microbiota before and after the use of TAI b) to evaluate a possible change in symptoms and the need for reduction of dopaminergic therapy before and after TAI. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, observational, cohort study conducted at the University of Ferrara (U.O.C. Neurology and U.O.C. General Surgery) with the collaboration of the Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology of the University of Bologna. A total of 26 patients with PD and constipation (Wexner score >6) referred to the Neurological Outpatient Clinic between July 2022 and July 2023 were screened. All patients were offered Transanal Colic Irrigation and questionnaires regarding neurological, intestinal and quality of life symptoms. A gut microbiota sample was collected at the first visit (T0) and 6 months. Results: Patients who agreed to undergo TAI had overall worse scores on constipation scores, but both groups of patients (TAI – no TAI) showed similar scores for neurological symptomatology and poor subjective satisfaction with bowel management (VAS score). At 6 and 12 months, patients who underwent TAI showed markedly improved scores for bowel management and unchanged neurological scores with the exception of the improvement of the PDQ-39 questionnaire at 12 months, a test that also investigates the emotional sphere and daily management of the patient. The analysis of the gut microbiota showed that there were no statistically significant variations between the two groups, but patients undergoing TAI showed tendencies to variations in microbial populations that may play a role in gut regulation. Conclusions: TAI is an effective and safe method in the treatment of constipation in PD patients. The improvement of intestinal transit, in addition to improving the patient's quality of life, can have consequences on the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota, laying the foundations for new diagnosis and therapy strategies.

La Malattia di Parkinson (MP) è una patologia neurodegenerativa del sistema nervoso centrale descritta da James Parkinson nel 1817 in “Eassay on the Shaking Palsy” . L’eziologia della MP è multifattoriale ed è il risultato della combinazione tra fattori ambientali e genetici. La diagnosi viene posta dopo l’esordio delle manifestazioni motorie della malattia che occorrono quando vi è la perdita di una buona percentuale di neuroni dopaminergici a carico della pars compatta della sostanza nera (SN) mesencefalica. Segni cardini per la diagnosi sono la presenza di bradicinesia (lentezza nell’esecuzione del movimento associato a decremento di velocità e ampiezza nei movimenti ripetitivi), rigidità plastica (incremento del tono muscolare a carico dei muscoli flessori durante la mobilizzazione passiva), tremore a riposo asimmetrico e instabilità posturale. La stipsi è il principale e più disabilitante sintomo non motorio nella MP. La sua prevalenza varia da 24,6% a 63% a seconda dei differenti criteri diagnostici utilizzati. Nel Parkinson la stipsi è maggiormente correlata a un rallentamento del transito colico o ad una dissinergia pubo-rettale. Tra le opzioni terapeutiche, soprattutto nel caso di intestino neurologico, l’irrigazione transanale (TAI) risulta particolarmente indicata nel caso di scarsa risposta ai convenzionali trattamenti conservativi, così come un adeguato ripristino dell’ omeostasi intestinale che viene alterato nella MP da vari fattori. Obiettivo Primario:Valutare l’efficacia clinica dell’ Irrigazione Trans-Anale (TAI) nel trattamento della stipsi e dei sintomi motori nei pazienti con Malattia di Parkinson, sia in fase iniziale-intermedia che avanzata Obiettivo Secondario: a)valutare la correlazione tra composizione del microbiota nei pazienti affetti da PD rispetto alla composizione basale di un individuo italiano sano e valutare le variazioni del microbiota prima e dopo l' utilizzo della TAI b)valutare una eventuale variazione dei sintomi e necessità di riduzione di terapia dopaminergica prima e dopo TAI. Questo è uno studio prospettico, osservazionale, di coorte condotto presso l’ Università degli Studi di Ferrara (U.O.C. Neurologia e U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale) con la collaborazione del Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie dell’ Università di Bologna. Sono stati screenati 26 pazienti con MP e stipsi (Wexner score >6) afferiti presso l’ Ambulatorio Neurologico tra Luglio 2022 e Luglio 2023. A tutti i pazienti è stata proposta l’ Irrigazione Colica Transanale e questionari riguardanti sintomi neurologici, intestinali e di qualità della vita. E’ stato raccolto un campione di microbiota intestinale alla prima visita (T0) e a 6 mesi. I pazienti che hanno accettato di sottoporsi a TAI avevano complessivamente punteggi peggiori degli scores riguardanti la stipsi, ma entrambi i gruppi di pazienti (TAI – no TAI) mostravano simili punteggi per la sintomatologia neurologica e per la scarsa soddisfazione soggettiva sulla gestione intestinale (VAS score). A 6 e 12 mesi i pazienti sottoposti a TAI mostravano invece punteggi nettamente migliorati per quanto riguarda la gestione intestinale e punteggi neurologici immutati ad eccezione del miglioramento del questionario PDQ-39 a 12 mesi, test che indaga anche la sfera emotiva e della gestione quotidiana del paziente. L’ analisi del microbiota intestinale ha mostrato come non ci siano variazioni statisticamente significative tra i due gruppi ma i pazienti sottoposti a TAI presentano tendenze a variazioni di popolazioni microbiche che possono svolgere un ruolo nella regolazione intestinale. La TAI è un metodo efficace e sicuro nel trattamento della stipsi nei pazienti affetti da MP. Il miglioramento del transito intestinale oltre a migliorare la qualità di vita del paziente, può avere conseguenze sull’ omeostasi del microbiota intestinale ponendo le basi per nuove strategie di diagnosi e terapia.

L’ Irrigazione Trans-Anale nei pazienti con Malattia di Parkinson: efficacia e sicurezza nel trattamento della stipsi correlata alla malattia, impatto sul microbiota intestinale e sui disordini del movimento.

CHIMISSO, LAURA
2024

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system described by James Parkinson in 1817 in "Eassay on the Shaking Palsy". James Parkinson himself describes it as a complex, progressive and disabling disease. The etiology of PD is multifactorial and it is the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The diagnosis is made after the onset of the motor manifestations of the disease that occur when there is the loss of a good percentage of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. Key signs for diagnosis are the presence of bradykinesia (slowness in the execution of the movement associated with a decrease in speed and amplitude in repetitive movements), plastic rigidity (increased muscle tone in the flexor muscles during passive mobilization), tremor at asymmetrical rest and postural instability. Constipation is the main and most disabling non-motor symptom in PD. Its prevalence varies from 24.6% to 63% depending on the different diagnostic criteria used. In PD, constipation is more related to a slowing of colonic transit or puborectal dyssynergia. Among the therapeutic options, especially in the case of neurological bowel, transanal irrigation (TAI) is particularly indicated in the case of poor response to conventional conservative treatments, as well as an adequate restoration of intestinal homeostasis that is altered in PD by various factors. Objectives: - Primary: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Trans-Anal Irrigation (TAI) in the treatment of constipation and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease, both in early-intermediate and advanced stages -Secondary: a) to evaluate the correlation between microbiota composition in PD patients compared to the baseline composition of a healthy Italian individual and to evaluate the changes in the microbiota before and after the use of TAI b) to evaluate a possible change in symptoms and the need for reduction of dopaminergic therapy before and after TAI. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, observational, cohort study conducted at the University of Ferrara (U.O.C. Neurology and U.O.C. General Surgery) with the collaboration of the Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology of the University of Bologna. A total of 26 patients with PD and constipation (Wexner score >6) referred to the Neurological Outpatient Clinic between July 2022 and July 2023 were screened. All patients were offered Transanal Colic Irrigation and questionnaires regarding neurological, intestinal and quality of life symptoms. A gut microbiota sample was collected at the first visit (T0) and 6 months. Results: Patients who agreed to undergo TAI had overall worse scores on constipation scores, but both groups of patients (TAI – no TAI) showed similar scores for neurological symptomatology and poor subjective satisfaction with bowel management (VAS score). At 6 and 12 months, patients who underwent TAI showed markedly improved scores for bowel management and unchanged neurological scores with the exception of the improvement of the PDQ-39 questionnaire at 12 months, a test that also investigates the emotional sphere and daily management of the patient. The analysis of the gut microbiota showed that there were no statistically significant variations between the two groups, but patients undergoing TAI showed tendencies to variations in microbial populations that may play a role in gut regulation. Conclusions: TAI is an effective and safe method in the treatment of constipation in PD patients. The improvement of intestinal transit, in addition to improving the patient's quality of life, can have consequences on the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota, laying the foundations for new diagnosis and therapy strategies.
CARCOFORO, Paolo
PINTON, Paolo
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2542911
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