The first chapter of this work, starting from a civil law perspective, examined the substantive impact of the adoption of European Regulation No 650/2012 on the private international law of succession. To this end, after briefly outlining the Italian rules of private international law of succession previously in force, contained in Article 46 et seq. of Law No 218 of 1995, a brief historical reconstruction of the institution of international public policy in the logic of Law No 218 of 1995 was carried out: on this occasion, this exception was also compared with another fundamental limitation on the application of foreign law, represented by the rules of necessary application. Subsequently, once this diachronic reconstruction was accomplished, we proceeded with the analysis of some important profiles of the impact of Regulation 650 on the substantive law of succession, highlighting how the Regulation itself appears to affect the substantive law of succession from at least three different points of view: the so-called "European" agreement as to succession - which is the only one that can be considered as a "European" agreement - and the "European" agreement as to succession. European" agreement as to succession - which is expressly regulated in Art. 25 of the Regulation -, the European Certificate of Succession and, above all, the public policy clause contained in Art. 35, the importance of which is considered such that it requires separate discussion. In the second chapter, therefore, the concept of public policy within the meaning of Regulation 650/2012 was examined. To this end, we first examined the case law of the European Court of Justice, which has progressively constructed an autonomous notion of 'European public policy' on the basis of the fundamental principles of the European Union legal order, which in turn are to be found in the fundamental freedoms laid down in the Treaties and in the fundamental rights enshrined in the Nice Charter. Starting from this assumption, an attempt was then made to reconstruct the role of public policy in the systematics of Regulation 650/2012: thus, through an analysis that correlated European Union law with the law of succession, it was shown how public policy under Art. 35 of the Regulation requires the non-application of foreign law only in exceptional cases, which can be verified only with regard to the application of the law of a non-Member State; with reference, on the other hand, to the application of the law of another Member State, the law of the European Union appears to be able to act mainly in the opposite direction, preventing the non-application of the law itself on the ground that it conflicts with the fundamental principles of the State of the forum, which, taken together, form the basis of what may be defined, in alterity with European public policy, as the "national public policy" of successions. In Chapter Three, therefore, the analysis focuses on the Italian legal system, assessing whether the necessary succession may constitute, specifically, an institution of international public policy. To this end, after a few diachronic outlines of the institution and highlighting some of the most significant aspects of the discipline, which contribute to making the Italian system of protection of legitimators among the strictest in the European scenario, and which appear to persist despite several attempts at reform, an attempt was made to identify the possible constitutional basis of the institution. At the end of this procedure, the conclusion was reached that it is not the necessary succession in itself that is possibly endowed with constitutional value, but the so-called material necessary succession, i.e. the fact that the circle of the deceased's closest family members is guaranteed some form of protection in the event that they are in a state of need.

Nel primo Capitolo del presente lavoro, muovendo da una prospettiva civilistica, si è provveduto con l’esaminare l’impatto sostanziale derivante dall’adozione del Regolamento europeo n. 650/2012 in materia di diritto internazionale privato delle successioni. A tal fine, premessi brevi cenni sulla disciplina italiana di diritto internazionale privato delle successioni previgente, contenuta negli articoli 46 e seguenti della legge n. 218 del 1995, si è effettuata una sintetica ricostruzione storica dell’istituto dell’ordine pubblico internazionale nella logica della legge n. 218 del 1995: in quest’occasione, si è anche confrontata tale eccezione con un altro fondamentale limite all’applicazione della legge straniera, rappresentato dalle norme di applicazione necessaria. In seguito, una volta compiuta siffatta ricostruzione diacronica, si è proseguito con l’analisi di alcuni importanti profili di incidenza del Regolamento n. 650 sul diritto successorio materiale, evidenziando come il Regolamento medesimo appaia incidere sul diritto successorio materiale almeno sotto tre differenti punti di vista: il patto successorio c.d. “europeo” – il quale viene espressamente disciplinato nell’art. 25 del Regolamento –, il certificato successorio europeo nonché, soprattutto, la clausola di ordine pubblico contenuta nell’art. 35, il cui rilievo si ritiene tale da necessitare una trattazione separata. Nel secondo capitolo, dunque, si è provveduto ad esaminare il concetto di ordine pubblico ai sensi del Regolamento n. 650/2012. A questo scopo, in primo luogo, si è provveduto ad esaminare l’elaborazione giurisprudenziale della Corte di giustizia europea, la quale ha provveduto progressivamente a costruire una nozione autonoma di “ordine pubblico europeo” sulla scorta dei principi fondamentali dell’ordinamento dell’Unione europea, i quali sono da individuarsi, a loro volta, nelle libertà fondamentali previste dai Trattati e nei diritti fondamentali sanciti dalla Carta di Nizza. Muovendo da tale presupposto, si è allora tentato di ricostruire il ruolo dell’ordine pubblico nella sistematica del Regolamento 650/2012: sicché, attraverso un’analisi che ha posto in correlazione il diritto dell’Unione europea con il diritto successorio, si è evidenziato come l’ordine pubblico ex art. 35 del Regolamento imponga la disapplicazione della legge straniera soltanto in casi eccezionali, suscettibile di verificazione unicamente con riguardo all’applicazione della legge di uno Stato terzo; con riferimento, invece, all’applicazione della legge di un diverso Stato membro, il diritto dell’Unione europea appare poter agire principalmente in direzione opposto, impedendo cioè la disapplicazione della legge medesima per contrasto con i principi fondamentali dello Stato del foro, i quali, nel loro insieme, fondano quello che può essere definito, in alterità con l’ordine pubblico europeo, come “ordine pubblico nazionale” delle successioni. Nel terzo Capitolo, pertanto, infine, si concentra l’analisi sull’ordinamento italiano, valutando se la successione necessaria possa costituire, nello specifico, un istituto di ordine pubblico internazionale. A questo fine, premessi alcuni cenni diacronici sull’istituto e posti in evidenza alcuni dei più significativi aspetti della disciplina, i quali concorrono nel rendere il sistema italiano di tutela dei legittimari tra i più rigidi dello scenario europeo, si è cercato di individuare l’eventuale fondamento costituzionale dell’istituto. Ad esito di tale procedimento, si è giunti alla conclusione per cui ad essere eventualmente rivestito di valore costituzionale non è la successione necessaria di per sé considerata, bensì la successione necessaria c.d. materiale, cioè il fatto che alla cerchia dei più ristretti familiari del de cuius sia garantita una qualche forma di tutela per l’ipotesi in cui questi siano in stato di bisogno.

Verso un ordine pubblico europeo delle successioni? L’impatto del Regolamento 650/2012 sul diritto successorio materiale, tra principi UE e tradizioni nazionali

CHIRICALLO, Nicola
2023

Abstract

The first chapter of this work, starting from a civil law perspective, examined the substantive impact of the adoption of European Regulation No 650/2012 on the private international law of succession. To this end, after briefly outlining the Italian rules of private international law of succession previously in force, contained in Article 46 et seq. of Law No 218 of 1995, a brief historical reconstruction of the institution of international public policy in the logic of Law No 218 of 1995 was carried out: on this occasion, this exception was also compared with another fundamental limitation on the application of foreign law, represented by the rules of necessary application. Subsequently, once this diachronic reconstruction was accomplished, we proceeded with the analysis of some important profiles of the impact of Regulation 650 on the substantive law of succession, highlighting how the Regulation itself appears to affect the substantive law of succession from at least three different points of view: the so-called "European" agreement as to succession - which is the only one that can be considered as a "European" agreement - and the "European" agreement as to succession. European" agreement as to succession - which is expressly regulated in Art. 25 of the Regulation -, the European Certificate of Succession and, above all, the public policy clause contained in Art. 35, the importance of which is considered such that it requires separate discussion. In the second chapter, therefore, the concept of public policy within the meaning of Regulation 650/2012 was examined. To this end, we first examined the case law of the European Court of Justice, which has progressively constructed an autonomous notion of 'European public policy' on the basis of the fundamental principles of the European Union legal order, which in turn are to be found in the fundamental freedoms laid down in the Treaties and in the fundamental rights enshrined in the Nice Charter. Starting from this assumption, an attempt was then made to reconstruct the role of public policy in the systematics of Regulation 650/2012: thus, through an analysis that correlated European Union law with the law of succession, it was shown how public policy under Art. 35 of the Regulation requires the non-application of foreign law only in exceptional cases, which can be verified only with regard to the application of the law of a non-Member State; with reference, on the other hand, to the application of the law of another Member State, the law of the European Union appears to be able to act mainly in the opposite direction, preventing the non-application of the law itself on the ground that it conflicts with the fundamental principles of the State of the forum, which, taken together, form the basis of what may be defined, in alterity with European public policy, as the "national public policy" of successions. In Chapter Three, therefore, the analysis focuses on the Italian legal system, assessing whether the necessary succession may constitute, specifically, an institution of international public policy. To this end, after a few diachronic outlines of the institution and highlighting some of the most significant aspects of the discipline, which contribute to making the Italian system of protection of legitimators among the strictest in the European scenario, and which appear to persist despite several attempts at reform, an attempt was made to identify the possible constitutional basis of the institution. At the end of this procedure, the conclusion was reached that it is not the necessary succession in itself that is possibly endowed with constitutional value, but the so-called material necessary succession, i.e. the fact that the circle of the deceased's closest family members is guaranteed some form of protection in the event that they are in a state of need.
DE CRISTOFARO, Giovanni
OLIVIERO, Francesco
GREGGI, Marco
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Descrizione: VERSO UN ORDINE PUBBLICO EUROPEO DELLE SUCCESSIONI? L’IMPATTO DEL REGOLAMENTO 650/2012 SUL DIRITTO SUCCESSORIO MATERIALE, TRA PRINCIPI UE E TRADIZIONI NAZIONALI
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2502851
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