This research work deals with the study of the administrative sanctioning legal regime of citizens' security. All public order or citizens’ security laws have always provoked critical reactions. Citizens, human rights organisations, political parties and certain doctrinal sectors, regardless of their ideologies, have always acted in a defensive way whenever the Spanish Parliament has approved a law on citizens’ security. This is due to the enormous tension that arises in this sector between such important values for citizens as freedom and security. Due to this controversy and the special importance of the matter in question, this thesis aims to offer a legal study of its sanctioning regime, placing special emphasis on the one established by Organic Law 4/2015, of 30 March, on the protection of citizen security (LOPSC). In the first part of the thesis, some reflections are made on citizen security as a protected legal asset. This leads to a study of the frontiers between administrative sanctioning law and criminal law, which are particularly blurred in this area. This first part, which we could call "general", continues with a study of the distribution of competences in "public security", which is fundamental for deciphering which authorities are competent to sanction infringements of the LOPSC. This is followed by a reflexion of the main material guarantees of administrative sanctioning law but always in relation to citizens’ security and, specifically, to the sanctioning regime established by the LOPSC. With regard to the administrative sanctioning procedure, the special features established by the LOPSC are explained, as well as some of the most important aspects in this sector, such as the evidential value of police reports. Finally, it deals with the study of the administrative sanctions provided for in the LOPSC and the non-punitive consequences that the commission of a citizens’ security offence may entail. In the second part of the thesis, which we could call "special", a detailed study of certain offences of citizens’ security is carried out. The specific infringements have been selected, in some cases, because of their special relevance, as they typify offences that border on the exercise of fundamental rights (this is the case of offences related to the right to assembly). In other cases, because of their quantitative importance: offences of disobedience and disrespect for the authority or its agents are the most frequently sanctioned. In other cases, for example, offences relating to weapons and drugs have also been dealt with, as they are particularly complex and closely linked to the criminal field. The necessary operations of delimitation that must be carried out between criminal and administrative offences to determine whether a conduct requires criminal or administrative repression are studied. This specific study of some of the offences has made possible to construct the general part of the research work.

Il presente lavoro di ricerca si occupa dello studio del regime sanzionatorio inerente alla sicurezza dei cittadini. Tutte le leggi sull'ordine pubblico o sulla sicurezza dei cittadini sono sempre state discusse. I cittadini, le organizzazioni di tutela dei diritti umani, i partiti politici e alcuni filoni dottrinali, indipendentemente dall'inclinazione ideologica, sono sempre stati molto critici con il contenuto delle leggi sulla sicurezza dei cittadini. Ciò deriva dall'enorme tensione che si verifica in questo settore tra valori così importanti per i privati come la libertà e la sicurezza. A causa di queste controversie e per la particolare importanza della materia in esame, questo elaborato si prefigge l’obiettivo di proporre un attento studio del regime sanzionatorio in questo specifico ambito, ponendo particolare attenzione su quello stabilito dalla Legge Organica n. 4, del 30 marzo 2015, sulla tutela della sicurezza dei cittadini. Nella prima parte della tesi vengono fatte alcune riflessioni sulla sicurezza dei cittadini come bene giuridico tutelato. Ciò porta allo studio dei confini tra Diritto Amministrativo sanzionatorio e Diritto Penale, che in questo ambito sono particolarmente labili. Questa prima parte, che possiamo chiamare “generale”, prosegue con uno studio sulla distribuzione della competenza legislativa e delle funzioni amministrative nel contesto della “pubblica sicurezza”, indispensabile per tentare di decifrare quali organi amministrativi hanno il potere di sanzionare le infrazioni della LOPSC. Vengono poi affrontate le principali garanzie materiali del Diritto Amministrativo sanzionatorio, sempre in relazione alla sicurezza dei cittadini e, nello specifico, al regime sanzionatorio stabilito dalla LOPSC. Per quanto riguarda la procedura amministrativa sanzionatoria, vengono illustrate le particolarità stabilite dalla LOPSC e alcuni dei suoi aspetti più rilevanti in questo settore, come il valore probatorio dei verbali di polizia. Infine, viene affrontato lo studio delle sanzioni amministrative previste dalla LOPSC e delle conseguenze non sanzionatorie che la commissione di un'infrazione può comportare in questo settore. Nella seconda parte della tesi, che potremmo definire “speciale”, viene svolto uno studio dettagliato su alcune infrazioni della LOPSC. Le infrazioni sono state selezionate, in alcuni casi per la loro particolare rilevanza: si tratta di infrazioni che confinano con l'esercizio dei diritti fondamentali (è il caso delle infrazioni relative al diritto di riunione e di manifestazione); in altri, per la loro importanza quantitativa: le fattispecie di disobbedienza e di mancato rispetto dell'autorità o dei suoi agenti sono, infatti, le più sanzionate. Tra le tante, sono state analizzate, altresì, le infrazioni connesse alle armi e alla droga, in quanto settori particolarmente complessi e strettamente connessi alla sfera criminale. Qui è possibile osservare le necessarie operazioni di delimitazione che devono essere effettuate tra illeciti penali e amministrativi per determinare se una condotta richieda una repressione penale o amministrativa. Questo studio specifico di alcune fattispecie della LOPSC è stato posto a fondamento della parte generale di quest'opera.

EL RÉGIMEN SANCIONADOR DE LA SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA IL REGIME SANZIONATORIO NELL'AMBITO DELLA SICUREZZA DEI CITTADINI

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2022

Abstract

This research work deals with the study of the administrative sanctioning legal regime of citizens' security. All public order or citizens’ security laws have always provoked critical reactions. Citizens, human rights organisations, political parties and certain doctrinal sectors, regardless of their ideologies, have always acted in a defensive way whenever the Spanish Parliament has approved a law on citizens’ security. This is due to the enormous tension that arises in this sector between such important values for citizens as freedom and security. Due to this controversy and the special importance of the matter in question, this thesis aims to offer a legal study of its sanctioning regime, placing special emphasis on the one established by Organic Law 4/2015, of 30 March, on the protection of citizen security (LOPSC). In the first part of the thesis, some reflections are made on citizen security as a protected legal asset. This leads to a study of the frontiers between administrative sanctioning law and criminal law, which are particularly blurred in this area. This first part, which we could call "general", continues with a study of the distribution of competences in "public security", which is fundamental for deciphering which authorities are competent to sanction infringements of the LOPSC. This is followed by a reflexion of the main material guarantees of administrative sanctioning law but always in relation to citizens’ security and, specifically, to the sanctioning regime established by the LOPSC. With regard to the administrative sanctioning procedure, the special features established by the LOPSC are explained, as well as some of the most important aspects in this sector, such as the evidential value of police reports. Finally, it deals with the study of the administrative sanctions provided for in the LOPSC and the non-punitive consequences that the commission of a citizens’ security offence may entail. In the second part of the thesis, which we could call "special", a detailed study of certain offences of citizens’ security is carried out. The specific infringements have been selected, in some cases, because of their special relevance, as they typify offences that border on the exercise of fundamental rights (this is the case of offences related to the right to assembly). In other cases, because of their quantitative importance: offences of disobedience and disrespect for the authority or its agents are the most frequently sanctioned. In other cases, for example, offences relating to weapons and drugs have also been dealt with, as they are particularly complex and closely linked to the criminal field. The necessary operations of delimitation that must be carried out between criminal and administrative offences to determine whether a conduct requires criminal or administrative repression are studied. This specific study of some of the offences has made possible to construct the general part of the research work.
MARTIN FERNANDEZ, CARMEN
GARDINI, Gianluca
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2499864
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