Delocalizzazioni e aiuti di Stato. Riflessioni su una normativa «slogan»

This contribution examines the regional, national and European regulations that deal with sanctions against companies that relocate their activities after receiving public aid. Although these measures date back to the 1990s, the relocation bans imposed on companies receiving State aid have practically never been enforced. The contribution illustrates the reasons for this ineffectiveness, highlighting the shortcomings of a regulation for «advertisement», written to appease the public opinion, well acknowledging that it will hardly ever be enforced. In the second part, the contribution takes into consideration the issue of sanctions, reflecting on the real, effective and dissuasive nature of the measures that should be applied to punish a company that, after receiving public funding, decides to relocate its production elsewhere.