Roman North Africa has produced a considerable amount of documentary, some of the material illuminates the role of the army in society and much of this has not been exploited by military historians. The military role of of the army in guarding against external threats or launching expeditions out of Tripolitania or in the crises in the North Africa. This study aimed to shed light on the military history of Rome in Libya by highlighting the conditions of the two regions: tre three cities and the five cities in the Romania period, i.e. in the period of Emperor Augustus to the end on Severan family. This period was rich in military events and military changes with respect to Rome's relationship with the residents of three cities and the five cities. That resulted in prompting Rome to establish known a border system known as limitanei, which caused many problems and difficulties and it had a direct impact on the hierarchy of the Libyan tribes residing in Libya at that time and how that influenced the impact on the geographical environment of the region as a whole, especially that the Romanian defensive system formed the most prominent feature of the two provinces along the lines of defensive systems deployed in Africa. The beginning of the first century AD was considered as a consilidation of the Roman border system in all Romanian countries in North Africa, including the regions of the three cities and the five cities. It happened since the time of Emperor Augustus and witnessed many improvements until culminating in the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus and during those years Rome intended to extend its influence through the diplomatic side in the formation of relationships with dwelling tribes on its border or through its military force by building castles, forts, palaces and observation points. This sudy also aimed to find out the similarities and differences in the border system that was prevailed in that time all over the Romanian empire. However, that system that was differenti as sites and surrounding environments were also different. For example, the defensive system in the five cities was of clear milestones which were represented in the forts, castles and palaces. This system has become an important witness on military history and proximity the distance between those sites with each other unlike what was found in the other sides based on archaelolgical and literary sources in this study.

Roman Nord Africa ha prodotto una notevole quantità di documenti. Parte del materiale evidenzia il ruolo dell'esercito nella società e molto di questo non è stato esplorato dagli storici militari. Il ruolo militare dell'esercito rappresentato nella protezione contro le minacce esterne, il lancio di spedizioni fuori della Tripolitania e nel reprimere le rivolte in Nord Africa. Questo studio ha lo scopo di far luce sulla storia militare di Roma in Libia, mettendo in evidenza le condizioni delle due regioni: le tre città e le cinque città nel periodo romano, vale a dire dal periodo di Augusto alla fine della dinastia dei Severi. Questo periodo è stato ricco di eventi e variazioni militari rispetto al rapporto di Roma con gli abitanti delle tre città e delle cinque città che hanno spinto Roma a stabilire un sistema di protezione noto come limitanei, che ha causato molti problemi e difficoltà e aveva un impatto diretto sulla gerarchia delle tribù libiche che risiedono in Libia in quel momento e che ha causato impatto sull'ambiente geografico della regione nel suo insieme, in particolare il sistema difensivo romano che ha costituito la caratteristica più importante delle due province lungo le linee di sistemi difensivi distribuiti in Africa. L'inizio del I secolo d. C. è stato considerato come un consolidamento del sistema di confine romano in tutti i territori romani in Nord Africa, comprese le regioni delle tre città e delle cinque città. E' successo fin dai tempi di Augusto e testimone di molti miglioramenti fino a quando si conclude con il regno dell'imperatore Settimio Severo e in quegli anni Roma aveva lo scopo di estendere la sua influenza attraverso il lato diplomatico nella formazione dei rapporti con le tribù che abitano sul suo bordo o attraverso il suo esercito costruendo castelli, fortezze, palazzi e punti di osservazione. Questo studio ha anche lo scopo di scoprire le somiglianze e le differenze nel sistema di bordo che è stata prevalente in quel momento tutto l'impero romano. Tuttavia, tale sistema era diverso, come i siti e gli ambienti circostanti erano anche diversi. Ad esempio, il sistema difensivo nelle cinque città era evidente e rappresentate nelle fortezze, castelli e palazzi. Questo sistema è diventato un testimone importante nella storia militare e la vicinanza della distanza tra i sito con l'altro a differenza di quanto è stato trovato negli altri lati sulla base di fonti archeologiche e letterarie in questo studio.

The Military aspect in te Three Cities and the Five Cities provinces in Libya, during the Roman period (from 27 B.C-300 A.D.: A Comparative study between the Literature and the archaeological sources

2016

Abstract

Roman North Africa has produced a considerable amount of documentary, some of the material illuminates the role of the army in society and much of this has not been exploited by military historians. The military role of of the army in guarding against external threats or launching expeditions out of Tripolitania or in the crises in the North Africa. This study aimed to shed light on the military history of Rome in Libya by highlighting the conditions of the two regions: tre three cities and the five cities in the Romania period, i.e. in the period of Emperor Augustus to the end on Severan family. This period was rich in military events and military changes with respect to Rome's relationship with the residents of three cities and the five cities. That resulted in prompting Rome to establish known a border system known as limitanei, which caused many problems and difficulties and it had a direct impact on the hierarchy of the Libyan tribes residing in Libya at that time and how that influenced the impact on the geographical environment of the region as a whole, especially that the Romanian defensive system formed the most prominent feature of the two provinces along the lines of defensive systems deployed in Africa. The beginning of the first century AD was considered as a consilidation of the Roman border system in all Romanian countries in North Africa, including the regions of the three cities and the five cities. It happened since the time of Emperor Augustus and witnessed many improvements until culminating in the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus and during those years Rome intended to extend its influence through the diplomatic side in the formation of relationships with dwelling tribes on its border or through its military force by building castles, forts, palaces and observation points. This sudy also aimed to find out the similarities and differences in the border system that was prevailed in that time all over the Romanian empire. However, that system that was differenti as sites and surrounding environments were also different. For example, the defensive system in the five cities was of clear milestones which were represented in the forts, castles and palaces. This system has become an important witness on military history and proximity the distance between those sites with each other unlike what was found in the other sides based on archaelolgical and literary sources in this study.
ZERBINI, Livio
PERETTO, Carlo
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