Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring involves the use of neurophysiological recordings for detecting changes in the function of the nervous system that are caused by surgically induced insults while the changes are still reversible, in order to reduce the risk of permanent postoperative deficits. During the last decades, the continuous development of monitoring the function of the nervous system was possible thanks to the introduction of new neurophysiologycal techiniques and the use of standard laboratory techniques transplanted to the operating room after the modification of technical aspects in order to overcome general anesthesia inhibitory effect. The aim of the dissertation is to analyze two intraoperative techniques recently introduced in the operating room (Blink Reflex and Saphenous Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potentials). In fact, only a few studies are published on these techniques, with limited results. The aim of the first two studies is to examine the role of Blink Reflex (BR) intraoperative monitoring during cerebellopontine angle surgery (CPA) (study 1) and during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (study 2). The results of study 1 have shown that the decrease in amplitude of BR R1 is related to negative facial outcome immediately after surgery and at 6 months follow up. In the second study we have demonstrated that during MVD surgery for hemifacial spasm it is possible to record R1 from lower facial muscles. Moreover, the disappearance of R1 diffusion from lower facial muscle is related to complete resolution of the spasms immediately after surgery. In the third study, we’ve described the methodology of recording saphenous nerve somatosensory evoked potential during scoliosis surgery. We propose this techinique as an integrative intraoperative tool of sensory pathway evaluation during surgery involving femoral nerve/lumbar plexus/L3-L4 roots. Blink Reflex and saphenous nerve somatosensory evoked potentials are two feasible intraoperative techniques which can integrate the currently used techniques in the functional evaluation of structures at risk during CPA surgery and during spinal and peripheral nerve surgery.

Il monitoraggio neurofisiologico intraoperatorio comprende metodiche neurofisiologiche utilizzate nel corso di interventi chirurgici che consentono di identificare un danno imminente, alle strutture nervose a rischio, quando questo è ancora reversibile, con lo scopo di ridurre la comparsa di danni neurologici post operatori permanenti. Il continuo e progressivo sviluppo del monitoraggio intraoperatorio negli ultimi decenni si è caratterizzato per l’introduzione di nuove metodiche neurofisiologiche e per l’applicazione di metodiche usate in laboratorio direttamente in sala operatoria, con la modificazione di parametri tecnici per superare l’effetto soppressivo dell’anestesia generale. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di approfondire tecniche di più recente introduzione nel monitoraggio intraoperatorio (il Blink Reflex e i potenziali evocati somatosensoriali del nervo safeno), in cui i lavori pubblicati in letteratura sono tuttora isolati e parziali. Negli studi 1 e 2 abbiamo valutato il ruolo del Blink Reflex nel monitoraggio intraoperatorio in corso di interventi per processi espansivi dell’angolo pontocerebellare (APC) (studio 1) e negli interventi di decompressione microvascolare per emispasmo faciale (studio 2). I risultati dello studio 1 hanno mostrato che il calo di ampiezza della componente R1 del Blink Reflex durante l’intervento si associa ad un outcome negativo (in termini di funzione faciale) sia nell’immediato post operatorio sia a distanza di 6 mesi dall’intervento. Nello studio 2 abbiamo dimostrato che negli interventi per emispasmo faciale è possibile registrare la diffusione della componente R1 del BR sui muscoli del distretto faciale inferiore. Inoltre, la scomparsa intraoperatoria della diffusione di R1 predice la risoluzione dell’emispasmo faciale fin dall’immediato post operatorio. Nello studio 3 abbiamo registrato i potenziali evocati somatosensoriali stimolando il nervo safeno in pazienti sottoposti ad interventi chirurgici per scoliosi, identificando tale metodica come integrativa, nell’ambito di un monitoraggio multimodale, per la valutazione delle funzioni sensitive del nervo femorale/plesso/radici L3-L4. Il Blink Reflex e i potenziali evocati somatosensoriali del nervo safeno sono tecniche riproducibili in sala operatoria e possono fornire informazioni integrative durante interventi rispettivamente sull’angolo pontocerebellare e interventi di chirurgia spinale e del sistema nervoso periferico.

APPLICAZIONE E SVILUPPO DI TECNICHE DI MONITORAGGIO NEUROFISIOLOGICO INTRAOPERATORIO DURANTE INTERVENTI DI CHIRURGIA DELL’ANGOLO PONTOCEREBELLARE ED INTERVENTI DI CHIRURGIA SPINALE

SIMIONI, Valentina
2017

Abstract

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring involves the use of neurophysiological recordings for detecting changes in the function of the nervous system that are caused by surgically induced insults while the changes are still reversible, in order to reduce the risk of permanent postoperative deficits. During the last decades, the continuous development of monitoring the function of the nervous system was possible thanks to the introduction of new neurophysiologycal techiniques and the use of standard laboratory techniques transplanted to the operating room after the modification of technical aspects in order to overcome general anesthesia inhibitory effect. The aim of the dissertation is to analyze two intraoperative techniques recently introduced in the operating room (Blink Reflex and Saphenous Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potentials). In fact, only a few studies are published on these techniques, with limited results. The aim of the first two studies is to examine the role of Blink Reflex (BR) intraoperative monitoring during cerebellopontine angle surgery (CPA) (study 1) and during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (study 2). The results of study 1 have shown that the decrease in amplitude of BR R1 is related to negative facial outcome immediately after surgery and at 6 months follow up. In the second study we have demonstrated that during MVD surgery for hemifacial spasm it is possible to record R1 from lower facial muscles. Moreover, the disappearance of R1 diffusion from lower facial muscle is related to complete resolution of the spasms immediately after surgery. In the third study, we’ve described the methodology of recording saphenous nerve somatosensory evoked potential during scoliosis surgery. We propose this techinique as an integrative intraoperative tool of sensory pathway evaluation during surgery involving femoral nerve/lumbar plexus/L3-L4 roots. Blink Reflex and saphenous nerve somatosensory evoked potentials are two feasible intraoperative techniques which can integrate the currently used techniques in the functional evaluation of structures at risk during CPA surgery and during spinal and peripheral nerve surgery.
GRANIERI, Enrico Gavino Giuseppe
TUGNOLI, Valeria
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488248
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