Experiments with polarized internal gas targets and polarized proton beams give a great opportunity to access a number of fundamental physics observ- ables. In the frame of this thesis I consider experiments performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY storage ring at Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich (FZJ). The PAX (Polarized Antiproton eXperiment) collaboration plans to carry out Drell-Yan production experiments in proton-antiproton collisions, both polarized, in the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) facility in Darmstadt. This type of process allows direct access to the transverse spin structure of the nucleon. Until now it has not been possible to produce antiproton beams with an acceptable polarization. The objective of the PAX collaboration is to develop an efficient method to polarize antiprotons in a storage ring. The collaboration successfully performed a spin-filtering test with COSY protons, using a transversely polarized hydrogen target. This led to the determination of the spin-dependent cross-section of ”build-up” of the transverse polarization, proving that ”spin filtering” is a valid method to polarize a beam in a storage ring. PAX intends to use the unique experimental setup offered by COSY to apply this method to longitudinal polarization. In preparation for this test, a new detector (PAX detector) has been built through a collaboration between the University of Ferrara, the INFN of Ferrara and the Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich. The new detector will be used both for the longitudinal spin-filtering experiment at COSY and for future experiments with antiprotons. There is also a plan to use the new PAX detector for performing a Time Invariance Violation Interactions (TIVOLI). Now it is well understood that time reversal violation (T-V), like the equivalent violation of the combined symmetries of charge (C) and parity (P) (CP-V), is a necessary ingredient for addressing the mystery of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of our Universe - one of the biggest unsolved problems in contemporary physics and cosmology. It is widely accepted that a solution of this puzzle will involve new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics (BSM). TIVOLI experiment should constrain or even discover BSM physics by investigating T-symmetry violations complementary to searches for Elec- tric Dipole Moments (EDM). The objectives are (i) a search for direct T-V through a precise measurement of double polarized proton-deuteron elastic scattering, exploiting the particle spin as a “time reversal knob”, and (ii) the development of a solid theoretical basis for the interpretation of T-V interactions, in particular the experimental findings of TIVOLI. The unique experimental environment offered by the cooler synchrotron (COSY) stor- age ring at Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich promises to improve the present upper limit on T-V by one to two orders of magnitude, using COSY as a zero degree spectrometer and PAX detector. This thesis focuses on the work done for the construction and commis- sioning of the new PAX detector, which consists of four identical quadrants arranged in a diamond configuration. Each of these quadrants consists of three layers of double-sided silicon striped sensors, which form a telescope structure. The sensors of the first two layers are 300μm thick and the third layer is 1000μm thick. A first detector test, with two of the four quadrants installed opposite to each other, was successfully conducted at COSY using a beam of un- polarized protons and a target of vector-polarized deuterons. By operating the detector in the described configuration, an energy resolution 60 keV, was achieved for the first two layers of detectors. The spatial resolution is in the order of σ ≈ 200μm. The results of the test are illustrated in this thesis.
Gli esperimenti con bersagli polarizzati e fasci di protoni polarizzati offrono una grande opportunita` per lo studio di un numero importante di osserv- abili fisiche fondamentali. Nell’ambito di questa tesi sono presi in consider- azione esperimenti in programma presso l’anello di accumulazione COoler SYnchrotron (COSY) del Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich (FZJ). La collaborazione PAX (Polarized Antiproton eXperiment) pianifica di re- alizzare esperimenti di produzione Drell-Yan in collisioni protone-antiprotone, entrambi polarizzati, nella struttura Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) di Darmstadt. Questo tipo di processo permette un accesso diretto alla struttura di spin trasverso del nucleone. Finora non `e stato possibile ` produrre fasci di antiprotoni con una polarizzazione accettabile. E obiettivo della collaborazione PAX sviluppare un metodo efficiente per polarizzare an- tiprotoni in un anello di accumulazione. La collaborazione ha svolto con suc- cesso un test di “spin-filtering” con protoni a COSY, usando un bersaglio di idrogeno polarizzato trasversalmente. Questo ha portato a determinare la sezione d’urto spin-dipendente di “build-up” ella polarizzazione trasversa, provando che lo “spin filtering” `e un metodo valido per polarizzare un fascio in un anello di accumulazione. PAX intende utilizzare il setup sperimentale unico offerto da COSY per applicare questo metodo alla polarizzazione longitudinale. In preparazione a tale test, `e stato costruito un nuovo rivelatore mediante una collaborazione tra l’Universita` di Ferrara, l’INFN di Ferrara ed il Forschungszentrum Juelich. Il nuovo rivelatore sar`a utilizzato sia per l’esperimeto di “spin-filtering” lon- gitudinale a COSY, sia per i futuri esperimenti con antiprotoni. ` E inoltre previsto l’utilizzo del nuovo rivelatore PAX per l’esecuzione di un’interazione di violazione dell’invarianza temporale (TIVOLI). Ora `e ben chiaro che la violazione dell’inversione del tempo (T-V), come l’equivalente violazione delle simmetrie combinate di carica (C) e parit`a (P) (CP-V), `e un ingrediente necessario per affrontare il mistero della l’asimmetria materia- antimateria del nostro Universo - uno dei piu` grandi problemi irrisolti nella ` fisica e nella cosmologia contemporanea. E ampiamente accettato che una soluzione di questo rompicapo comporter`a nuova fisica oltre il Modello Stan- dard (SM) della fisica delle particelle elementari (BSM). L’esperimento TIVOLI dovrebbe limitare o addirittura scoprire la fisica BSM indagando Le violazioni della simmetria a T sono complementari alle ricerche di Momenti di Dipolo Elettrico (EDM). Gli obiettivi sono (i) una ricerca di T-V diretta attraverso una precisa misurazione di diffusione elastica protone-deutone a doppia polarizzazione, sfruttando lo spin delle particelle come ”manopola per l’inversione del tempo”, e (ii) lo sviluppo di una sol- ida base teorica per l’interpretazione delle interazioni T-V, in particolare i risultati sperimentali di TIVOLI. L’ambiente sperimentale unico offerto dal sincrotrone piu` freddo (COSY) anello di stoccaggio presso il Forschungszen- trum Ju ̈lich promette Questa tesi si concentra sul lavoro svolto per la costruzione e la messa in funzione di questo nuovo rivelatore, che consiste in quattro quadranti identici disposti in una configurazione a diamante. Ognuno di questi quadranti `e for- mato da tre strati di sensori a strisce di silicio fronte-retro, che costituiscono una struttura a telescopio. I sensori dei primi due strati sono spessi 300μm, quello del terzo 1000μm.
Multipurpose silicon detector for (polarized) internal target experiments at the COSY Storage Ring in Jülich.
KONONOV, Anton
2020
Abstract
Experiments with polarized internal gas targets and polarized proton beams give a great opportunity to access a number of fundamental physics observ- ables. In the frame of this thesis I consider experiments performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY storage ring at Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich (FZJ). The PAX (Polarized Antiproton eXperiment) collaboration plans to carry out Drell-Yan production experiments in proton-antiproton collisions, both polarized, in the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) facility in Darmstadt. This type of process allows direct access to the transverse spin structure of the nucleon. Until now it has not been possible to produce antiproton beams with an acceptable polarization. The objective of the PAX collaboration is to develop an efficient method to polarize antiprotons in a storage ring. The collaboration successfully performed a spin-filtering test with COSY protons, using a transversely polarized hydrogen target. This led to the determination of the spin-dependent cross-section of ”build-up” of the transverse polarization, proving that ”spin filtering” is a valid method to polarize a beam in a storage ring. PAX intends to use the unique experimental setup offered by COSY to apply this method to longitudinal polarization. In preparation for this test, a new detector (PAX detector) has been built through a collaboration between the University of Ferrara, the INFN of Ferrara and the Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich. The new detector will be used both for the longitudinal spin-filtering experiment at COSY and for future experiments with antiprotons. There is also a plan to use the new PAX detector for performing a Time Invariance Violation Interactions (TIVOLI). Now it is well understood that time reversal violation (T-V), like the equivalent violation of the combined symmetries of charge (C) and parity (P) (CP-V), is a necessary ingredient for addressing the mystery of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of our Universe - one of the biggest unsolved problems in contemporary physics and cosmology. It is widely accepted that a solution of this puzzle will involve new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics (BSM). TIVOLI experiment should constrain or even discover BSM physics by investigating T-symmetry violations complementary to searches for Elec- tric Dipole Moments (EDM). The objectives are (i) a search for direct T-V through a precise measurement of double polarized proton-deuteron elastic scattering, exploiting the particle spin as a “time reversal knob”, and (ii) the development of a solid theoretical basis for the interpretation of T-V interactions, in particular the experimental findings of TIVOLI. The unique experimental environment offered by the cooler synchrotron (COSY) stor- age ring at Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich promises to improve the present upper limit on T-V by one to two orders of magnitude, using COSY as a zero degree spectrometer and PAX detector. This thesis focuses on the work done for the construction and commis- sioning of the new PAX detector, which consists of four identical quadrants arranged in a diamond configuration. Each of these quadrants consists of three layers of double-sided silicon striped sensors, which form a telescope structure. The sensors of the first two layers are 300μm thick and the third layer is 1000μm thick. A first detector test, with two of the four quadrants installed opposite to each other, was successfully conducted at COSY using a beam of un- polarized protons and a target of vector-polarized deuterons. By operating the detector in the described configuration, an energy resolution 60 keV, was achieved for the first two layers of detectors. The spatial resolution is in the order of σ ≈ 200μm. The results of the test are illustrated in this thesis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Thesis_Kononov
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