Scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) is a trans-membrane protein, known as HDLs main receptor and involved in tissue reverse cholesterol transport. Several studies have demonstrated that SR-B1 is also implicated in other processes, such as regulation of intracellular vitamins levels, recognition of bacteria and apoptotic cells and vesicles uptake. Although this receptor is mainly localized in the liver and steroidogenic tissues, it is significantly expressed also in human skin, especially in the epidermis. The epidermis provides the barrier function of skin, due to the presence of stratum corneum, composed by proteins and corneocytes, which are distributed in a lipid envelope. Its localization and composition makes the skin a target for environmetantal stressors. In vitro studies on cultured keratinocytes have shown that SR-B1 protein expression is down-regulated by environmental oxidants such as cigarette smoke. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the physiological role of SR-B1 in the skin, with more focus on the not vascularized cutaneous epidermal layer, by using 2D and 3D skin models. We demonstrated that SR-B1 is involved in cellular proliferation and migration, since SR-B1 knockdown keratinocytes presented reduced capacity to proliferate and migrate. In fact, SR-B1 knockdown induced a decrease of Cyclin D1 expression, as well as MMP9 levels accompanied by a defect in cytoskeleton rearrangement, affecting keratinocytes ability to recover from wound scratch. Furthermore, SR-B1 appeared to affect NF-kB activation. SR-B1 knockdown in tridimensional organotypic skin equivalents induced changes in epidermis thickness and deeper layers morphology, together with increased markers of terminal differentiation. Not only, but the scavenger receptor resulted to be essential for lipids expression and epidermal distribution, and it is implicated also in sebocytes lipids metabolism. Moreover, our study demonstrated that environmental stressors down-regulate SR-B1 also in three-dimensional reconstructed epidermis and human skin and, by the use of a natural polyphenol, we showed that such down-regulation was mediated by oxidative damage. Altogether, our findings suggest that SR-B1 plays an important role in keratinocytes recovery from injuries, as well as in epidermal differentiation and lipid composition, therefore its loss induced by oxidants exposure could affect cutaneous homeostasis.
Scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) è una proteina transmembrana, coinvolta nel trasporto inverso di colesterolo a livello tissutale e definita anche recettore per HDL. Diversi studi hanno dimostrato che SR-B1 è implicato anche in altri processi, come regolazione dei livelli intracellulari di vitamine, riconoscimento di batteri e cellule apoptotiche e internalizzazione di vescicole. Nonostante il recettore sia localizzato principalmente a livello del fegato e dei tessuti steroidogenici, esso è significativamente espresso anche in altri tessuti compresa la cute umana, in special modo nell’epidermide. L’epidermide conferisce alla cute la funzione di barriera, attraverso la presenza dello strato corneo composto da acidi grassi, colesterolo, ceramidi, proteine e corneociti, quest’ultimi racchiusi da un involucro lipidico. La sua localizzazione e composizione fa della pelle un bersaglio per i fattori di stress ambientali. Studi in vitro condotti su cheratinociti in coltura hanno mostrato che stressors ambientali quali il fumo da sigaretta riducono l’espressione del recettore. Lo scopo del presente studio è stato quello di valutare il ruolo fisiologico di SR-B1 nella cute, attraverso l’uso di modelli cutanei 2D e 3D in cui l’espressione di SRB1 è stata geneticamente manipolata. I nostri dati dimostrano che SR-B1 è coinvolto nella proliferazione e nella migrazione cellulare. Infatti, il silenziamento di SR-B1 ha indotto una diminuzione dell’espressione di ciclina D1, così come dei livelli di MMP9 accompagnati da un difetto nella riorganizzazione del citoscheletro, influenzando perciò la capacità dei cheratinociti di riparare la ferita. Inoltre, SR-B1-KO ha un effetto sull’attivazione di NF-kB ed inoltre in modelli tridimensionali di cute ha causato cambiamenti sia a livello dello spessore che nella morfologia degli strati epidermici, insieme ad un aumento dei marcatori di differenziamento cellulare. In aggiunta, il recettore sembra avere un ruolo anche nella distribuzione epidermica dei lipidi e sul tipo di lipidi oltre ad essere implicato anche nel metabolismo lipidico nei sebociti. In fine il nostro studio ha dimostrato che i fattori di stress ambientali portano ad una riduzione di SR-B1 e questo effetto è evitato dall’uso di molecole naturali quali il resveratrolo. Riassumendo, i nostri dati suggeriscono che SR-B1 gioca un ruolo importante nella cicatrizzazione, così come nel differenziamento epidermico e nella composizione lipidica della cute, perciò la sua perdita indotta dall’esposizione ad agenti ossidanti potrebbe influenzare l’omeostasi cutanea.
Role of Scavenger receptor B1 in cutaneous physiopathology
MURESAN, XIMENA MARIA
2017
Abstract
Scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) is a trans-membrane protein, known as HDLs main receptor and involved in tissue reverse cholesterol transport. Several studies have demonstrated that SR-B1 is also implicated in other processes, such as regulation of intracellular vitamins levels, recognition of bacteria and apoptotic cells and vesicles uptake. Although this receptor is mainly localized in the liver and steroidogenic tissues, it is significantly expressed also in human skin, especially in the epidermis. The epidermis provides the barrier function of skin, due to the presence of stratum corneum, composed by proteins and corneocytes, which are distributed in a lipid envelope. Its localization and composition makes the skin a target for environmetantal stressors. In vitro studies on cultured keratinocytes have shown that SR-B1 protein expression is down-regulated by environmental oxidants such as cigarette smoke. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the physiological role of SR-B1 in the skin, with more focus on the not vascularized cutaneous epidermal layer, by using 2D and 3D skin models. We demonstrated that SR-B1 is involved in cellular proliferation and migration, since SR-B1 knockdown keratinocytes presented reduced capacity to proliferate and migrate. In fact, SR-B1 knockdown induced a decrease of Cyclin D1 expression, as well as MMP9 levels accompanied by a defect in cytoskeleton rearrangement, affecting keratinocytes ability to recover from wound scratch. Furthermore, SR-B1 appeared to affect NF-kB activation. SR-B1 knockdown in tridimensional organotypic skin equivalents induced changes in epidermis thickness and deeper layers morphology, together with increased markers of terminal differentiation. Not only, but the scavenger receptor resulted to be essential for lipids expression and epidermal distribution, and it is implicated also in sebocytes lipids metabolism. Moreover, our study demonstrated that environmental stressors down-regulate SR-B1 also in three-dimensional reconstructed epidermis and human skin and, by the use of a natural polyphenol, we showed that such down-regulation was mediated by oxidative damage. Altogether, our findings suggest that SR-B1 plays an important role in keratinocytes recovery from injuries, as well as in epidermal differentiation and lipid composition, therefore its loss induced by oxidants exposure could affect cutaneous homeostasis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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