Across the globe, invasive alien species (IAS) are the second major threat to biodiversity. Freshwater ecosystems are among the richest ecosystems on earth and today their biodiversity is declining at greater rates than the most affected terrestrial ecosystems. The negative ecological and economic effects of invasive species on the world’s ecosystems have been so profound that some biologists have suggested that we are entering a new era, the Homogocene. Homogocene represents a time period in which all of the continents are connected into a ‘‘New Pangaea’’ through human activities that allow species to move between land masses in a way that they were not able to do before. This has caused a striking increase in the spread of invasive species and further rise is expected in the future. Preventing the introduction of IAS is considered the most environmentally preferable and cost-effective form for their management following the hierarchical approach proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity and adopted in the recent EU Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive alien species which came into force in January 2015. Prevention of the introduction is proposed as the first step in CBD's hierarchical approach, followed by prevention of the establishment of new introduced species, where an immediate eradication is considered the preferable solution and, if that is not feasible, as a third step, containment and long-term control measures should be implemented together with mitigation actions. This PhD thesis is organized in four parts. It assessed current state of management of selected aquatic invasive species (AIS) (Chapter 1), showed how to create risk maps for invasive species and provided the example how risk maps can assist in prevention of invasive species spread and in conservation decision making (Chapter 2). Then it examined the effectiveness of existing control measure (Chapter 3) and conducted a research to develop novel control method (Chapter 4 & Chapter 5). This thesis highlights the complexity of the management of two AIS, P. clarkii and L. catesbeianus and, although the studied species differ, offers recommendations to improve prevention, new control method for crayfish control, and suggestions to improve the efficacy of traditional control methods.

In tutto il mondo le specie aliene invasive (IAS) sono una delle principali minacce alla biodiversità. Gli ecosistemi delle acque dolci sono tra i più ricchi ecosistemi sulla terra e oggi la loro biodiversità è in declino con un tasso di gran lunga maggiore rispetto agli altri ecosistemi terrestri interessati dal fenomeno. Gli effetti negativi, sia in termini ecologici che economici, sugli ecosistemi a livello mondiale dovuti alle IAS sono stati così intensi che i biologi hanno suggerito che stiamo entrando in una nuova era, detta “Homogocene”. L’ Homogocene rappresenta un periodo in cui tutti i continenti sono connessi tra loro in una “Nuova Pangea”, attraverso le attività umane che permettono alle specie di muoversi tra i continenti come non erano in grado di fare prima. Prevenire l’introduzione di IAS è considerata la forma preferibile di gestione delle IAS in termini di impatto ambientale e di costi secondo l’approccio gerarchico proposto dalla Convenzione della Diversità Biologica, e adottato anche nel nuovo Regolamento Europeo 1143/2014 sulle specie aliene invasive, entrato in vigore nel gennaio 2015. Dopo la prevenzione, una pronta individuazione e una eradicazione rapida è considerata la migliore soluzione e, in caso tale misura non sia fattibile, come terzo punto è previsto che il contenimento e il controllo a lungo termine siano messi in pratica assieme ad azioni di mitigazione degli impatti. Questa tesi di dottorato si è occupata di valutare l’attuale stato dell’arte nella gestione di IAS selezionate, esaminare l’efficacia delle attuali misure di controllo esistenti e condurre ricerche per sviluppare, ottimizzare e saggiare nuovi metodi di controllo. Ha trattato anche come creare mappe del rischio per le IAS e ha fornito esempi su come le mappe del rischio possano aiutare nella prevenzione della diffusione di specie invasive e nei processi decisionali in conservazione.

Gestione delle specie aliene invasive acquatiche

-
2019

Abstract

Across the globe, invasive alien species (IAS) are the second major threat to biodiversity. Freshwater ecosystems are among the richest ecosystems on earth and today their biodiversity is declining at greater rates than the most affected terrestrial ecosystems. The negative ecological and economic effects of invasive species on the world’s ecosystems have been so profound that some biologists have suggested that we are entering a new era, the Homogocene. Homogocene represents a time period in which all of the continents are connected into a ‘‘New Pangaea’’ through human activities that allow species to move between land masses in a way that they were not able to do before. This has caused a striking increase in the spread of invasive species and further rise is expected in the future. Preventing the introduction of IAS is considered the most environmentally preferable and cost-effective form for their management following the hierarchical approach proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity and adopted in the recent EU Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive alien species which came into force in January 2015. Prevention of the introduction is proposed as the first step in CBD's hierarchical approach, followed by prevention of the establishment of new introduced species, where an immediate eradication is considered the preferable solution and, if that is not feasible, as a third step, containment and long-term control measures should be implemented together with mitigation actions. This PhD thesis is organized in four parts. It assessed current state of management of selected aquatic invasive species (AIS) (Chapter 1), showed how to create risk maps for invasive species and provided the example how risk maps can assist in prevention of invasive species spread and in conservation decision making (Chapter 2). Then it examined the effectiveness of existing control measure (Chapter 3) and conducted a research to develop novel control method (Chapter 4 & Chapter 5). This thesis highlights the complexity of the management of two AIS, P. clarkii and L. catesbeianus and, although the studied species differ, offers recommendations to improve prevention, new control method for crayfish control, and suggestions to improve the efficacy of traditional control methods.
JOHOVIC, IVA
SCAPINI, Felicita
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487948
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