During these three years of PhD our research work has been focused on the design, synthesis and optimization of novel potential anticancer agents with antivascular and antiproliferative activities which target microtubules, dynamic tubular proteins that are assembled from α tubulin/β tubulin (αβ-tubulin) heterodimers. The microtubule system is essential in a variety of fundamental cellular processes, including mitosis, formation and maintenance of cell shape, regulation of motility, cell signaling, secretion and intracellular transport. Among natural occurring compounds, Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a cis-stilbene isolated from the bark of the South African bush willow tree Combretum caffrum , is one of the most potent inhibitors of colchicine binding presently known. CA-4 has been shown to possess a powerful cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell line, including multi-drug resistant cells. During the first year of PhD, a new class of compounds that incorporated the structural motif of the 1-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxtbenzoyl)-3-arylamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole molecular skeleton was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity, interactions with tubulin and cell cycle effects. The most active agent,( 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3-(p-toluyl)-5-ammino-1,2,4-triazole, 3c), was evaluated for antitumor activity in vivo. The best results for inhibition of cancer cell growth were obtained with the p-Me, m,p-diMe and p-Et phenyl derivatives 3c, 3e and 3f, respectively, and, overall, these compounds were more or less as active as CA-4. Their vascular disrupting activity was evaluated in HUVEC cells, with compound 3c showing activity comparable with that of CA-4. Compound 3c almost eliminated the growth of syngeneic hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice, suggesting that 3c could be a new antimitotic agent with clinical potential. During the second year a new series of compounds characterized by the presence of a 2-methoxy/ethoxycarbonyl group were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against cancer cells in culture, and, for selected, highly active compounds, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, cell cycle effects and in vivo potency. The greatest antiproliferative activity occurred with a methoxy group introduced at the C-6 position, the least with this substituent at C-4. Thus far, the most promising compound in this series was 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyanilino)-6-methoxybenzo[b]furan (3g), which inhibited cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations (IC50’s, 0.3-27 nM), induced apoptosis and showed, both in vitro and in vivo, potent vascular disrupting properties derived from the effect of this compound on vascular endothelial cells. Compound 3g had in vivo antitumor activity in a murine model comparable to the activity obtained with combretastatin A-4 phosphate. The research work of the third year of PhD has been focused on the synthesis of a novel series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, based on the 1-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole scaffold, with the goal of evaluating the effects of various patterns of substitution on the phenyl at the 2-position of the imidazole ring on biological activity. A chloro and ethoxy group at the meta- and para-positions, respectively, produced the most active compound in the series (1-(3’,4’ ,5’ -trimethoxyfenyl)-2-(3’-Cl, 4’-Ethoxyfenyl)-1H-imidazole ,4o), with IC50 values of 0.4-3.8 nM against a panel of seven cancer cell lines. Except in HL-60 cells, 4o had greater antiproliferative than CA-4, indicating that the 3’-chloro-4’-ethoxyphenyl moiety was a good surrogate for the CA-4 B-ring. Experiments carried out in a mouse syngenic model demonstrated high antitumor activity of 4o, which significantly reduced the tumor mass at a dose thirty times lower than that required for CA-4P, which was used as a reference compound.

L’attività di ricerca svolta durante i tre anni di dottorato ha avuto come obiettivo la progettazione, la sintesi e l’ottimizzazione di nuovi potenziali agenti antitumorali dotati di attività antiproliferativa e antivascolare che hanno come target biologico i microtubuli, strutture dinamiche cellulari generate dalla polimerizzazione di eterodimeri di α,β tubulina. Il sistema di microtubuli è essenziale per la divisione cellulare, essendo coinvolto nella formazione del fuso mitotico, ed è importante per diversi processi cellulari quali la regolazione della motilità, segnalazione cellulare, secrezione e trasporto intracellulare. Tra le molecole di derivazione naturale, il cis-stilbene Combretastatina A-4 (CA-4), legando la tubulina a livello del sito di legame della colchicina, ne inibisce la polimerizzazione mostrando una potente attività antiproliferativa contro diverse linee cellulari tumorali. L’attività di ricerca relativa al primo anno di dottorato ha riguardato la sintesi di una nuova serie di composti a struttura 1-(3',4',5' trimetossibenzoil)-3-arilamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazolica per i quali si è andati a valutare l’attività antiproliferativa in vitro, l’interazione con la tubulina e gli effetti prodotti sul ciclo cellulare. Per il derivato più attivo della serie, 1-(3,4,5-trimetossibenzoil)-3-(p-toluidino)-5-ammino-1,2,4-triazolo 3c è stata valutata l’attività antitumorale in vivo. I migliori risultati in termini di inibizione della proliferazione di linnee cellulari tumorali sono stati ottenuti con i derivati p-Me, m,p-diMe and p-Et fenil 3c, 3e e 3f, rispettivamente, i quali sono risultati essere equipotenti rispetto al composto di riferimento Combretastatina A-4 (CA-4). Proseguendo nel nostro lavoro di ricerca, nel corso del secondo anno di dottorato, una nuova serie di composti caratterizzati dalla presenza di un gruppo 2-metossi/etossicarbonile sono stati valutati per l’attività antiproliferativa su linee cellulari tumorali e per i composti più attivi della serie si è andati a valutare l’inibizione della polimerizzazione della tubulina, gli effetti sul ciclo cellulare e l’attività antitumorale in vivo. I migliori risultati in termini di attività antiproliferativa si sono ottenuti introducendo il sostituente metossilico in posizione C-6. Il composto più attivo della serie è risultato essere il derivato 2-metossicarbonil-3-(3’,4’,5’-trimetossianilino)-6-metossi-benzo[b]furano 3g, il quale ha prodotto una inibizione della proliferazione di linee cellulari tumorali a concentrazioni nanomolari (IC50’s, 0.3-27 nM), lega la tubulina a livello del sito di legame della colchicina, induce l’apoptosi e ha mostrato, sia in vitro che in vivo, una potente attività antivascolare su cellule endoteliali vascolari. Infine durante il terzo anno di dottorato è stata messa a punto la sintesi di una nuova serie di inibitori della polimerizzazione della tubulina a struttura 1- (3’,4’,5- trimetossiifenil) -2-aril-1H-imidazolica e progettati come cis-analoghi della combretastatina A-4, con l’obiettivo di valutare l’effetto sull’attività biologica prodotto dall’introduzione di diversi gruppi sostituenti a livello dell’anello fenilico in posizione C-2 dell’eterociclo imidazolico. L’introduzione di un atomo di cloro e di un gruppo etossilico nelle posizioni meta- e para-, rispettivamente, ha prodotto il composto più attivo della serie 1-(3’,4’ ,5’ -trimetossifenil)-2-(3’-Cl, 4’-OEt fenil)-1H-imidazolo 4o, con un valori di IC50 di 0.4-3.8 nM su un pannello di sette linee cellulari tumorali. Esperimenti condotti su un modello di topo singenico hanno dimostrato una potente attività antitumorale del composto 4o, il quale ha prodotto una significativa riduzione della massa tumorale a dosi trenta volte più basse rispetto a quelle richieste per la CA-4P usato come composto di riferimento.

Synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo of novel potent anticancer agents affecting tubulin polymerization

PRENCIPE, Filippo
2017

Abstract

During these three years of PhD our research work has been focused on the design, synthesis and optimization of novel potential anticancer agents with antivascular and antiproliferative activities which target microtubules, dynamic tubular proteins that are assembled from α tubulin/β tubulin (αβ-tubulin) heterodimers. The microtubule system is essential in a variety of fundamental cellular processes, including mitosis, formation and maintenance of cell shape, regulation of motility, cell signaling, secretion and intracellular transport. Among natural occurring compounds, Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a cis-stilbene isolated from the bark of the South African bush willow tree Combretum caffrum , is one of the most potent inhibitors of colchicine binding presently known. CA-4 has been shown to possess a powerful cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell line, including multi-drug resistant cells. During the first year of PhD, a new class of compounds that incorporated the structural motif of the 1-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxtbenzoyl)-3-arylamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole molecular skeleton was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity, interactions with tubulin and cell cycle effects. The most active agent,( 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3-(p-toluyl)-5-ammino-1,2,4-triazole, 3c), was evaluated for antitumor activity in vivo. The best results for inhibition of cancer cell growth were obtained with the p-Me, m,p-diMe and p-Et phenyl derivatives 3c, 3e and 3f, respectively, and, overall, these compounds were more or less as active as CA-4. Their vascular disrupting activity was evaluated in HUVEC cells, with compound 3c showing activity comparable with that of CA-4. Compound 3c almost eliminated the growth of syngeneic hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice, suggesting that 3c could be a new antimitotic agent with clinical potential. During the second year a new series of compounds characterized by the presence of a 2-methoxy/ethoxycarbonyl group were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against cancer cells in culture, and, for selected, highly active compounds, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, cell cycle effects and in vivo potency. The greatest antiproliferative activity occurred with a methoxy group introduced at the C-6 position, the least with this substituent at C-4. Thus far, the most promising compound in this series was 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyanilino)-6-methoxybenzo[b]furan (3g), which inhibited cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations (IC50’s, 0.3-27 nM), induced apoptosis and showed, both in vitro and in vivo, potent vascular disrupting properties derived from the effect of this compound on vascular endothelial cells. Compound 3g had in vivo antitumor activity in a murine model comparable to the activity obtained with combretastatin A-4 phosphate. The research work of the third year of PhD has been focused on the synthesis of a novel series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, based on the 1-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole scaffold, with the goal of evaluating the effects of various patterns of substitution on the phenyl at the 2-position of the imidazole ring on biological activity. A chloro and ethoxy group at the meta- and para-positions, respectively, produced the most active compound in the series (1-(3’,4’ ,5’ -trimethoxyfenyl)-2-(3’-Cl, 4’-Ethoxyfenyl)-1H-imidazole ,4o), with IC50 values of 0.4-3.8 nM against a panel of seven cancer cell lines. Except in HL-60 cells, 4o had greater antiproliferative than CA-4, indicating that the 3’-chloro-4’-ethoxyphenyl moiety was a good surrogate for the CA-4 B-ring. Experiments carried out in a mouse syngenic model demonstrated high antitumor activity of 4o, which significantly reduced the tumor mass at a dose thirty times lower than that required for CA-4P, which was used as a reference compound.
ROMAGNOLI, Romeo
BARALDI, Pier Giovanni
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Prencipe Filippo PhD Thesis.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: tesi di dottorato
Tipologia: Tesi di dottorato
Dimensione 5.18 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
5.18 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487939
 Attenzione

Attenzione! I dati visualizzati non sono stati sottoposti a validazione da parte dell'ateneo

Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact