Il trattamento farmacologico della dipendenza da alcol

Alcohol use disorders afflict almost 10% of the worldwide population, cause approximately 3.8% of all deaths, and account for 4.6% of the global burden of disease. Benzodiazepines represent the drug of first choice for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome; alternatively, in Italy, sodium oxybate has been approved.Disulfiram as adverse medication, and naltrexone, camprosate and sodium oxybate as antiIcraving and antiIrelapse drugs are the medications currently approved for the treatment of alcohol addiction.Baclofen, topiramate, and ondansetron represent some promising medications; however, these compounds are still not approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Moreover, interesting results concerning the efficacy of drugs used in combination have been also shown. Finally, in order to achieve" a personalized pharmacological" approach, the identification of different typologies of alcoholics, and pharmacogenomic are becoming some of the greatest fields of scientific interest.