Magmas gene (mitochondria-associated protein involved in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signal transduction) encodes for the mitochondrial protein Tim16 that is a member of the TIM23 translocase, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Tim16 forms a heterodimer with Tim14 and they are both co-chaperones of the mtHsp70, regulating mitochondrial protein import. Tim16 over-expression has been demonstrated in prostate cancer and in 72% human pituitary adenomas, as well as in ACTH-secreting mouse pituitary adenoma cell lines or in two GH-secreting rat pituitary adenoma cell lines. It was also observed that Tim16 over-expression protects from apoptosis by inhibiting staurosporine-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria, influencing BAX and Bcl2 modulation by proapoptotic stimuli. Our lab together with the Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Ferrara, synthesized the compound 5, a Tim16 inhibitor, challenging its effect toward the proapoptotic effects of staurosporine. Compound 5 turned out to be not cytotoxic but enhanced the proapoptotic effects of staurosporine by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) activation. Considering that an over-expression of Tim16 seems to play a consistent role in neoplastic cells and that its inhibitor, compound 5, seems to modulate Tim16 activity, enhancing the proapoptotic effects of staurosporine, the aim of this study is to better understand the effects of Tim16 in cancer chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. We found that compound 5 is not cytotoxic but enhances the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Compound 5 enhances doxorubicin effect on cell viability and caspase activation in MCF7 cells, acting on Tim16 protein, because this effect is not detectable in the control cell line MCF12A, that expresses low Tim16 levels. In addition, compound 5 enhances anti-tumor effects of paclitaxel in xenograft mice, injected with TT cells, deriving from a medullar thyroid carcinoma (MTC), decreasing tumor volumes. This effect is associated with an increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins like BAX, cytochrome c, RIP or BNIP3L. We tested also compound 5 toxicity in vivo, on Zebrafish embryos, and we obtained that at the concentrations used in vitro (5 µM), Tim16 inhibitor is not toxic. We observed that compound 5 disrupts in a reversible manner the interaction between Tim16 and Tim14, activating the p53-cytochrome c signal cascade, with a following activation of BNIP3L at 6 hours. Finally we focused on the study of Magmas gene in vivo, creating a zebrafish Tim16 KO mutant. We can conclude that Tim16 over-expression seems to play a relevant role in the apoptotic pathway, because its inhibition sensitizes cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, with a concomitant release of pro-apoptotic proteins. Compound 5 could be a good candidate to overcome doxorubicin and paclitaxel chemoresistance in cancer expressing high levels of Tim16 protein.

Il gene Magmas (mitochondria-associated protein involved in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signal transduction) codifica per la proteina mitocondriale Tim16, membro della translocase TIM23, localizzata nella membrana mitocondriale interna. Tim16 forma un eterodimero con Tim14 ed entrambe sono co-chaperone della mtHsp70, che regola l’import delle proteine mitocondriali. Un’over-espressione di Tim16 è stata dimostrata nel cancro alla prostata, nel 72% di adenomi ipofisari umani, in linee cellulari ACTH-secernenti di adenoma ipofisario di topo e in due linee cellulari GH-secernenti di adenoma ipofisario di ratto. È stato osservato che l’over-espressione di Tim16 protegge le cellule dall’apoptosi, inibendo il rilascio di citocromo c dal mitocondrio, dopo induzione con staurosporina, influenzando anche la modulazione di BAX e Bcl2. Il nostro lab, in collaborazione col dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche dell’Università di Ferrara, ha sintetizzato il composto 5, un inibitore di Tim16, testandone i suoi effetti attraverso l’utilizzo di stimoli proapoptotici dati dalla staurosporina. Il composto 5 si è rivelato non citotossico, ma in grado di potenziare gli effetti proapoptotici della staurosporina, riducendo l’attivazione del potenziale di membrana mitocondriale (MMP). Considerando che un’over-espressione di Tim16 sembra avere un ruolo consistente nelle cellule neoplastiche e che il suo inibitore, il composto 5, sembra modulare l’attività di Tim16, potenziando gli effetti proapoptitici della staurosporina, lo scopo di questo studio è quello di capire meglio gli effetti di Tim16 nella chemoresistenza in vitro and in vivo. Abbiamo osservato che il composto 5 non è citotossico ma potenzia anche gli effetti di farmaci chemioterapici. Il composto 5 potenzia gli effetti della doxorubicina sulla viabilità cellulare e sull’attivazione caspasica in MCF7, agendo su Tim16, in quanto l’effetto non è apprezzabile nella linea di controllo MCF12A, con bassi livelli di Tim16. Il composto 5 potenzia anche gli effetti anti-tumorali del paclitaxel in topi xenograft iniettati con cellule TT, derivanti da un carcinoma midollare della tiroide (MTC), diminuendo i volumi tumorali. Questo effetto è associato ad un’aumentata espressione di proteine pro-apoptotiche quali BAX, cytochrome c, RIP o BNIP3L. Abbiamo anche testato la tossicità del composto 5 in vivo, su embrioni di zebrafish, dove l’inibitore di Tim16 è risultato non tossico alle concentrazioni utilizzate in vitro (5 µM). Abbiamo osservato che il composto 5 rompe in modo reversibile il legame tra Tim16 e Tim14, attivando la cascata di segnale attivata da p53 e citocromo c, con una attivazione di BNIP3L a 6 ore. Ci siamo poi focalizzati nello studio del gene Magmas in vivo, creando uno zabrafish mutante KO per Tim16. Possiamo concludere che l’over-espressione di Tim16 sembra avere un ruolo rilevante nel processo apoptotico, in quanto la sua inibizione sensibilizza le cellule all’azione di farmaci chemioterapici, con un concomitante rilascio di proteine pro-apoptotiche. Il composto 5 potrebbe essere un buon candidato per superare la chemioresistenza di doxorubicina e paclitaxel in tumori che esprimono alti livelli di proteina Tim16.

A journey through in vitro and in vivo models to understand the role of Magmas in cancer chemoresistance

RIVA, Eleonora
2018

Abstract

Magmas gene (mitochondria-associated protein involved in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signal transduction) encodes for the mitochondrial protein Tim16 that is a member of the TIM23 translocase, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Tim16 forms a heterodimer with Tim14 and they are both co-chaperones of the mtHsp70, regulating mitochondrial protein import. Tim16 over-expression has been demonstrated in prostate cancer and in 72% human pituitary adenomas, as well as in ACTH-secreting mouse pituitary adenoma cell lines or in two GH-secreting rat pituitary adenoma cell lines. It was also observed that Tim16 over-expression protects from apoptosis by inhibiting staurosporine-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria, influencing BAX and Bcl2 modulation by proapoptotic stimuli. Our lab together with the Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Ferrara, synthesized the compound 5, a Tim16 inhibitor, challenging its effect toward the proapoptotic effects of staurosporine. Compound 5 turned out to be not cytotoxic but enhanced the proapoptotic effects of staurosporine by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) activation. Considering that an over-expression of Tim16 seems to play a consistent role in neoplastic cells and that its inhibitor, compound 5, seems to modulate Tim16 activity, enhancing the proapoptotic effects of staurosporine, the aim of this study is to better understand the effects of Tim16 in cancer chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. We found that compound 5 is not cytotoxic but enhances the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Compound 5 enhances doxorubicin effect on cell viability and caspase activation in MCF7 cells, acting on Tim16 protein, because this effect is not detectable in the control cell line MCF12A, that expresses low Tim16 levels. In addition, compound 5 enhances anti-tumor effects of paclitaxel in xenograft mice, injected with TT cells, deriving from a medullar thyroid carcinoma (MTC), decreasing tumor volumes. This effect is associated with an increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins like BAX, cytochrome c, RIP or BNIP3L. We tested also compound 5 toxicity in vivo, on Zebrafish embryos, and we obtained that at the concentrations used in vitro (5 µM), Tim16 inhibitor is not toxic. We observed that compound 5 disrupts in a reversible manner the interaction between Tim16 and Tim14, activating the p53-cytochrome c signal cascade, with a following activation of BNIP3L at 6 hours. Finally we focused on the study of Magmas gene in vivo, creating a zebrafish Tim16 KO mutant. We can conclude that Tim16 over-expression seems to play a relevant role in the apoptotic pathway, because its inhibition sensitizes cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, with a concomitant release of pro-apoptotic proteins. Compound 5 could be a good candidate to overcome doxorubicin and paclitaxel chemoresistance in cancer expressing high levels of Tim16 protein.
ZATELLI, Maria Chiara
PINTON, Paolo
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2478769
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