In chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard of care, and treatment-free remission (TFR) following the achievement of a stable deep molecular response (DMR) has become, alongside survival, a primary goal for virtually all patients. The GIMEMA CML working party recently suggested that the possibility of achieving TFR cannot be denied to any patient, and proposed specific treatment policies according to the patient’s age and risk. However, other international recommendations (including 2020 ELN recommendations) are more focused on survival and provide less detailed suggestions on how to choose first and subsequent lines of treatment. Consequently, some grey areas remain. After literature review, a panel of Italian experts discussed the following controversial issues: (1) early prediction of DMR and TFR: female sex, non-high disease risk score, e14a2 transcript and early MR achievement have been associated with stable DMR, but the lack of these criteria is not sufficient to exclude any patient from TFR; (2) criteria for first and subsequent line therapy choice: a number of patient and drug characteristics have been proposed to make a personalized decision; (3) monitoring of residual disease after discontinuation: after the first 6 months, the frequency of molecular tests can be reduced based on MR4.5 persistence and short turnaround time; (4) prognosis of TFR: therapy and DMR duration are important to predict TFR; although immunological control of CML plays a role, no immunological predictive phenotype is currently available. This guidance is intended as a practical tool to support physicians in decision making.

Making Treatment-Free Remission (TFR) Easier in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Fact-Checking and Practical Management Tools

Cavazzini F.;
2021

Abstract

In chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard of care, and treatment-free remission (TFR) following the achievement of a stable deep molecular response (DMR) has become, alongside survival, a primary goal for virtually all patients. The GIMEMA CML working party recently suggested that the possibility of achieving TFR cannot be denied to any patient, and proposed specific treatment policies according to the patient’s age and risk. However, other international recommendations (including 2020 ELN recommendations) are more focused on survival and provide less detailed suggestions on how to choose first and subsequent lines of treatment. Consequently, some grey areas remain. After literature review, a panel of Italian experts discussed the following controversial issues: (1) early prediction of DMR and TFR: female sex, non-high disease risk score, e14a2 transcript and early MR achievement have been associated with stable DMR, but the lack of these criteria is not sufficient to exclude any patient from TFR; (2) criteria for first and subsequent line therapy choice: a number of patient and drug characteristics have been proposed to make a personalized decision; (3) monitoring of residual disease after discontinuation: after the first 6 months, the frequency of molecular tests can be reduced based on MR4.5 persistence and short turnaround time; (4) prognosis of TFR: therapy and DMR duration are important to predict TFR; although immunological control of CML plays a role, no immunological predictive phenotype is currently available. This guidance is intended as a practical tool to support physicians in decision making.
2021
Castagnetti, F.; Binotto, G.; Capodanno, I.; Billio, A.; Calistri, E.; Cavazzini, F.; Crugnola, M.; Gozzini, A.; Gugliotta, G.; Krampera, M.; Lucchesi, A.; Merli, A.; Miggiano, M. C.; Minotto, C.; Poggiaspalla, M.; Salvucci, M.; Scappini, B.; Tiribelli, M.; Trabacchi, E.; Rosti, G.; Galimberti, S.; Bonifacio, M.
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Castagnetti2021_Article_MakingTreatment-FreeRemissionT.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: Full text editoriale
Tipologia: Full text (versione editoriale)
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 1.02 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.02 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2469137
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? 4
  • Scopus 6
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 5
social impact