The known seven mammalian receptor (R) subunits (P2X1-7) form cationic channels gated by ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor-channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting of two transmembrane regions (TM1, TM2), intracellular N- and C-termini, and a bulky extracellular loop. Crystallization allowed the identification of the 3D-structure and gating cycle of P2XRs. The agonist binding pocket is located at the intersection of two neighboring subunits. In addition to the mammalian P2XRs their primitive ligand-gated counterparts with little structural similarity have also been cloned. Selective agonists for P2XR subtypes are not available, but medicinal chemistry supplied a range of subtype selective antagonists, as well as positive and negative allosteric modulators. Knockout mice and selective antagonists helped to identify pathological functions due to defective P2XRs, such as male infertility (P2X1), hearing loss (P2X2), pain/cough (P2X3), neuropathic pain (P2X4), inflammatory bone loss (P2X5), and faulty immune reactions (P2X7).
Update of P2X receptor properties and their pharmacology: IUPHAR Review 30
Di Virgilio, FrancescoUltimo
2021
Abstract
The known seven mammalian receptor (R) subunits (P2X1-7) form cationic channels gated by ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor-channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting of two transmembrane regions (TM1, TM2), intracellular N- and C-termini, and a bulky extracellular loop. Crystallization allowed the identification of the 3D-structure and gating cycle of P2XRs. The agonist binding pocket is located at the intersection of two neighboring subunits. In addition to the mammalian P2XRs their primitive ligand-gated counterparts with little structural similarity have also been cloned. Selective agonists for P2XR subtypes are not available, but medicinal chemistry supplied a range of subtype selective antagonists, as well as positive and negative allosteric modulators. Knockout mice and selective antagonists helped to identify pathological functions due to defective P2XRs, such as male infertility (P2X1), hearing loss (P2X2), pain/cough (P2X3), neuropathic pain (P2X4), inflammatory bone loss (P2X5), and faulty immune reactions (P2X7).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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