Following a brief review of the reasons that historically have justified public intervention in the transportation sector, the paper focuses on shared mobility businesses following the emergence of ICT platforms and, in particular, on the principal regulatory interventions at European, state and regional levels. A pre-eminent concern with environmental issues underpins these interventions. Even if still a-systemic and still only in implementation mode, these interventions seem to be moving in two directions: to promote these innovative forms of mobility and to guarantee that their development do not contrast pre-eminent public interests (e.g. security, governing the territory and urban centers, and public service finances). Emblematic in this sense is the emerging relevance of shared mobility at the level of regional and local planning tools. The innovative character and the high rate of differentiation that distinguish the various forms of shared mobility do not facilitate the role of regulators and decision-makers: Various profiles still require clarification, in particular as it regards their relation to the traditional legal categories of the sector and related rules (above all, those of public services). The second part of the paper focuses on a specific sector of urban mobility in Italy, i.e. non-scheduled public transportation, and on the jurisprudential and regulatory matters that have characterized this sector following the introduction of services offered by Uber, with particular attention to the regulatory changes recently introduced by law no. 12/2019. From the existence of a sector regulation that legitimizes the provision of these services by professional drivers only (taxi drivers and private chauffeurs), it follows that any services offered via platforms by non-professional drivers require a reform intervention that supersedes the regime set by the l. n. 21/1992. In this regard the paper pays attention to some factors that the national legislature must take into account should it decide to pursue deregulation and the opening of this market.
Dopo un breve excursus delle ragioni che storicamente hanno giustificato l’intervento pubblico nel settore dei trasporti, il contributo si sofferma sulla mobilità condivisa, diffusasi soprattutto a seguito dell’avvento delle piattaforme ICT e, in particolare, sui principali interventi regolatori che l’hanno presa in considerazione a livello europeo, statale e regionale. La preminente rilevanza della questione ambientale è alla base di tali interventi che, per quanto ancora asistematici e in corso di progressiva attuazione, sembrano orientarsi in una duplice direzione: di promozione di tali forme innovative di mobilità e di garanzia, affinché il loro svolgimento non finisca per contrastare con interessi pubblici preminenti (sicurezza, governo del territorio e dei centri urbani, finanziamento dei servizi pubblici). Emblematica in tal senso è l’emergente rilevanza della mobilità condivisa a livello di strumenti programmatori. Il carattere innovativo e l’elevato tasso di differenziazione che contraddistinguono le varie forme di sharing mobility non agevola il ruolo di regolatori e decisori: sono diversi i profili ancora da chiarire, in particolare per ciò concerne in rapporto con le tradizionali categorie giuridiche del settore e le relative regole (su tutte, quelle di servizio pubblico). La seconda parte del contributo si focalizza su un settore specifico della mobilità urbana in Italia, l’autotrasporto pubblico non di linea, e sulle vicende giurisprudenziali, regolatorie e regolamentari che l’hanno caratterizzato a seguito dell’avvento dei servizi offerti tramite Uber, con particolare attenzione alle novità normative di recente introdotte dalla legge n. 12/2019. Dalla presenza di una disciplina di settore che legittima l’erogazione di tali servizi ai soli autisti professionisti (taxi e NCC), discende che l’offerta di prestazione tramite piattaforma da parte di autisti non professionisti non possa che passare attraverso un intervento di riforma che consenta di superare il regime posto dalla l. n. 21/1992. A tal proposito si è posta l’attenzione su alcuni aspetti che il legislatore statale dovrebbe tenere conto qualora decidesse di perseguire istanze di deregulation e di apertura del mercato.
Trasporto pubblico locale non di linea e mobilità condivisa tra continuità e discontinuità regolativa [Continuity and discontinuity in regulating local transport services]
Edoardo Caruso
2020
Abstract
Following a brief review of the reasons that historically have justified public intervention in the transportation sector, the paper focuses on shared mobility businesses following the emergence of ICT platforms and, in particular, on the principal regulatory interventions at European, state and regional levels. A pre-eminent concern with environmental issues underpins these interventions. Even if still a-systemic and still only in implementation mode, these interventions seem to be moving in two directions: to promote these innovative forms of mobility and to guarantee that their development do not contrast pre-eminent public interests (e.g. security, governing the territory and urban centers, and public service finances). Emblematic in this sense is the emerging relevance of shared mobility at the level of regional and local planning tools. The innovative character and the high rate of differentiation that distinguish the various forms of shared mobility do not facilitate the role of regulators and decision-makers: Various profiles still require clarification, in particular as it regards their relation to the traditional legal categories of the sector and related rules (above all, those of public services). The second part of the paper focuses on a specific sector of urban mobility in Italy, i.e. non-scheduled public transportation, and on the jurisprudential and regulatory matters that have characterized this sector following the introduction of services offered by Uber, with particular attention to the regulatory changes recently introduced by law no. 12/2019. From the existence of a sector regulation that legitimizes the provision of these services by professional drivers only (taxi drivers and private chauffeurs), it follows that any services offered via platforms by non-professional drivers require a reform intervention that supersedes the regime set by the l. n. 21/1992. In this regard the paper pays attention to some factors that the national legislature must take into account should it decide to pursue deregulation and the opening of this market.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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