Danger sensing is one of the most fundamental evolutionary features enabling multicellular organisms to perceive potential threats, escape from risky situations, fight actual intruders, and repair damage. Several endogenous molecules are used to “signal damage,” currently referred to as “alarmins” or “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs), most being already present within all cells (preformed DAMPs), and thus ready to be released, and others neosynthesized following injury. Over recent years it has become overwhelmingly clear that adenosine 5=-triphosphate (ATP) is a ubiquitous and extremely efficient DAMP (thus promoting inflammation), and its main metabolite, adenosine, is a strong immunosuppressant (thus dampening inflammation). Extracellular ATP ligates and activates the P2 purinergic receptors (P2Rs) and is then degraded by soluble and plasma membrane ecto-nucleotidases to generate adenosine acting at P1 purinergic receptors (P1Rs). Extracellular ATP, P2Rs, ecto-nucleotidases, adenosine, and P1Rs are basic elements of the purinergic signaling network and fundamental pillars of inflammation.
Purinergic signaling, DAMPs, and inflammation
Di Virgilio F.
Primo
;Sarti A. C.Secondo
;
2020
Abstract
Danger sensing is one of the most fundamental evolutionary features enabling multicellular organisms to perceive potential threats, escape from risky situations, fight actual intruders, and repair damage. Several endogenous molecules are used to “signal damage,” currently referred to as “alarmins” or “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs), most being already present within all cells (preformed DAMPs), and thus ready to be released, and others neosynthesized following injury. Over recent years it has become overwhelmingly clear that adenosine 5=-triphosphate (ATP) is a ubiquitous and extremely efficient DAMP (thus promoting inflammation), and its main metabolite, adenosine, is a strong immunosuppressant (thus dampening inflammation). Extracellular ATP ligates and activates the P2 purinergic receptors (P2Rs) and is then degraded by soluble and plasma membrane ecto-nucleotidases to generate adenosine acting at P1 purinergic receptors (P1Rs). Extracellular ATP, P2Rs, ecto-nucleotidases, adenosine, and P1Rs are basic elements of the purinergic signaling network and fundamental pillars of inflammation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
ajpcell.00053.2020.pdf
solo gestori archivio
Descrizione: versione editoriale
Tipologia:
Full text (versione editoriale)
Licenza:
NON PUBBLICO - Accesso privato/ristretto
Dimensione
324.56 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
324.56 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
ajpcell.00053.2020 aam.pdf
accesso aperto
Descrizione: post print
Tipologia:
Post-print
Licenza:
PUBBLICO - Pubblico con Copyright
Dimensione
533.66 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
533.66 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in SFERA sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.