The topic of this thesis are prison security measures, with special attention given to the difficulties that the law and its interpretation still face more than 80 years since the introduction of the penal code. Starting with the historical reconstruction of the institute and the reasons that led to the introduction of the so called double track sentencing system, as well as focussing on the issues that arose since the implementation of the penal code and how they were most felt in relation to the Constitution. The analysis goes on to examine the conditions required by law for the application of the measures under consideration, namely the commission of an offense (or quasi-criminal offense) and the social risk, understood by the legislator as a probability of the offender committing a future criminal offense. It mentions the critical issues arising from the failure of delimitation of the crime group which lead to the security measures, as well as those in respect of the eventual outlook. Furthermore, it discusses the negative repercussions of the originally established hazard presumptions system, which was seen as a failure and hence abolished by the Constitutional Court and the legislature. The regulatory gap that it created gave rise to discussion on the method of assessment of the social risk, given the vagueness of the law on the issue. The paper moves onto the peculiarities on the possibility of recurrence in mentally ill offenders, with the analysis of two closely related questions. The first is the identification of the person to carry out their investigation (judge or expert psychiatrist), the second involves the methods to be followed in such proceedings, knowing the characteristics of mental illness and the probability of relapse in such offenders. Next, it analyses the reform which recently amended the required procedures for admission to psychiatric hospitals and allocation to a nursing home and housing, through the opening of new residences for the execution of the safety measures (REMS), and practical reflections of the prevalence given to non-custodial measures, such as the so called therapeutic freedom probation. The changes to the assessment of social risk applying to mentally ill and semimentally ill patients are evaluated, such as the removal of the criteria for those relating to the socio-environmental context of reference from the useful criteria list, as well as the introduction of a limit of maximum term of imprisonment for all security measures. Finally, the report examines the possibility of eliminating prison security measures from the existing system by providing compliant solutions to constitutional principles.

Oggetto della tesi sono le misure di sicurezza detentive, con attenzione particolare alle difficoltà che, a più di ottant’anni dall’introduzione del codice penale, la dottrina e la giurisprudenza si trovano ancora oggi ad affrontare. Partendo dalla ricostruzione storica dell’istituto e dei motivi che segnarono l’introduzione nell’ordinamento del c.d. doppio binario, viene posta attenzione alle problematiche che furono segnalate sin dall’entrata in vigore del codice penale e maggiormente avvertite con l’avvento della Costituzione. L’analisi prosegue esaminando i presupposti richiesti dalla legge per l’applicazione delle misure in esame, ovvero la commissione di un reato (o un quasi-reato) e la pericolosità sociale, intesa dal legislatore quale probabilità di commissione di futuri illeciti penali da parte del reo. Vengono segnalate le criticità derivanti dalla mancata delimitazione del novero di reati da cui possono scaturire le misure di sicurezza, nonché di quelli oggetto di prognosi. Successivamente, vengono trattate le ripercussioni negative del sistema di presunzioni di pericolosità originariamente stabilito nel codice, poi venuto meno ad opera della Corte costituzionale e del legislatore. Il vuoto normativo che si è creato ha dato vita ad una discussione sul metodo di accertamento della pericolosità sociale, data la genericità della normativa sul punto. La discussione si sposta sulle peculiarità della prognosi di recidiva nel reo infermo di mente, con l’analisi di due problematiche strettamente connesse. La prima consiste nell’individuazione del soggetto che deve effettuare l’accertamento (giudice o perito psichiatra), la seconda coinvolge i metodi da seguire in tale giudizio, visti i riflessi della malattia mentale sulla probabilità di ricaduta nel crimine da parte dell’imputato. Successivamente, viene analizzata la riforma che di recente ha modificato le modalità di esecuzione delle misure del ricovero in ospedale psichiatrico giudiziario e dell’assegnazione a una casa di cura e di custodia, attraverso l’apertura delle nuove residenze per l’esecuzione delle misure di sicurezza (REMS), e i riflessi pratici della prevalenza accordata a misure non detentive, come la c.d. libertà vigilata terapeutica. Vengono poi valutate le modifiche al giudizio di pericolosità sociale da effettuare su soggetti infermi e semi-infermi di mente, consistenti nell’eliminazione dal novero dei criteri utilizzabili di quelli inerenti il contesto socio-ambientale di riferimento, nonché l’introduzione di un limite di durata massima per tutte le misure di sicurezza detentive. Da ultimo, la ricerca riguarda la possibilità di eliminare dal sistema attualmente vigente le misure di sicurezza detentive, fornendo soluzioni conformi ai principi costituzionali.

Le misure di sicurezza detentive al viale del tramonto e l'auspicato superamento del doppio binario

FACCHINI, Laura
2016

Abstract

The topic of this thesis are prison security measures, with special attention given to the difficulties that the law and its interpretation still face more than 80 years since the introduction of the penal code. Starting with the historical reconstruction of the institute and the reasons that led to the introduction of the so called double track sentencing system, as well as focussing on the issues that arose since the implementation of the penal code and how they were most felt in relation to the Constitution. The analysis goes on to examine the conditions required by law for the application of the measures under consideration, namely the commission of an offense (or quasi-criminal offense) and the social risk, understood by the legislator as a probability of the offender committing a future criminal offense. It mentions the critical issues arising from the failure of delimitation of the crime group which lead to the security measures, as well as those in respect of the eventual outlook. Furthermore, it discusses the negative repercussions of the originally established hazard presumptions system, which was seen as a failure and hence abolished by the Constitutional Court and the legislature. The regulatory gap that it created gave rise to discussion on the method of assessment of the social risk, given the vagueness of the law on the issue. The paper moves onto the peculiarities on the possibility of recurrence in mentally ill offenders, with the analysis of two closely related questions. The first is the identification of the person to carry out their investigation (judge or expert psychiatrist), the second involves the methods to be followed in such proceedings, knowing the characteristics of mental illness and the probability of relapse in such offenders. Next, it analyses the reform which recently amended the required procedures for admission to psychiatric hospitals and allocation to a nursing home and housing, through the opening of new residences for the execution of the safety measures (REMS), and practical reflections of the prevalence given to non-custodial measures, such as the so called therapeutic freedom probation. The changes to the assessment of social risk applying to mentally ill and semimentally ill patients are evaluated, such as the removal of the criteria for those relating to the socio-environmental context of reference from the useful criteria list, as well as the introduction of a limit of maximum term of imprisonment for all security measures. Finally, the report examines the possibility of eliminating prison security measures from the existing system by providing compliant solutions to constitutional principles.
CASAROLI, Guido
NEGRI, Daniele
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403503
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