Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a fatal cancer, with an increasing incidence world-wide. MPM, which is resistant to conventional therapies, is diagnosed in a late stage with a median survival of 12 months. Exposure to asbestos is the main risk factor for the MPM, which may occur in workers even decades after exposure to this tumorigenic mineral. The identification of new and specific markers is of a paramount importance for an early detection, diagnosis, treatment and to understand the evolution of this malignancy. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs), from cells or sera, have been proposed as new biomarkers. Recent studies have shown the differential expression of mature miRNAs in several human cancers, suggesting their potential role as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this investigation was to identify extracellular miRNAs as putative biomarkers for MPM and potential targets for innovative therapies. Methods: In this study, I investigated miRNA expression on the comparative analysis in serum samples from MPM affected patients, workers ex-exposed to asbestos fibers (WEA) and healthy subjects (HS), with microarray approach. These results were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: A comparative analysis of miRNAs was performed to evaluate their expression profiles in the sera in the three cohorts considered. In general, I detected more miRNAs in sera of HS compared to MPM and WEA, whereas in WEA a reduced number of miRNA was shown compared to those revealed in MPM and HS. Microarray analysis showed different miRNA expression profiles in serum samples from MPM, WEA and HS, being miR-197-3p, miR-1281 and miR-32-3p the most relevant miRNA found dysregualted. In order to validate the microarray data, RT-qPCR analyses were carried out on three miRNAs resulted differentially expressed in MPM, WEA and HS cohorts. MiR-197-3p, miR-1281 and miR-32-3p were found up-regulated in MPM vs HS. It is possible that the asbestos fibers may regulated negatively the miRNA expression, in a way similar to that detected for the immune system, which appeared down-regulated in WEA. Mir-197-3p and mir-32-3p expression in WEA and HS groups were similar, whereas it was up-regulated in MPM group. MiR-1281 expression was similar in MPM and WEA groups, while it was up-regulated compared to HS group. Conclusions: In this study, three circulating miRNAs, namely miR-197-3p, miR-1281 and miR-32 3p, were found dysregulated. It is known that miRNAs regulate the gene expression by binding to mRNA 3'UTR of target genes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between these miRNAs and their mRNA targets. It would be possible that these targets/genes are involved in the cell cycle progression and cell mobility, thus promoting cell transformation and the MPM onset/progression, as shown in other human cancers.

Background: Il Mesotelioma maligno della pleura (MPM) è una neoplasia mortale con un'incidenza crescente in tutto il mondo. Il MPM è resistente alle terapie convenzionali e la sua diagnosi avviene in fase tardiva con una sopravvivenza media di 12 mesi. L'esposizione all'amianto è il principale fattore di rischio per l’insorgenza del MPM, che colpisce i lavoratori, anche decenni dopo l'esposizione a questo minerale cancerogeno. L'identificazione di nuovi e specifici marcatori è di fondamentale importanza per una diagnosi precoce, il trattamento e per indagare l’evoluzione di questa neoplasia. Negli ultimi anni i microRNA (miRNA), da cellule o sieri, sono stati proposti come nuovi biomarcatori. Recenti studi hanno dimostrato l'espressione differenziale dei miRNA maturi in molti tumori umani, suggerendo il loro ruolo potenziale come oncogeni o geni soppressori tumorali. Lo scopo di questa indagine è stato quello di identificare miRNA circolanti come biomarcatori putativi per il MPM e potenziali bersagli per terapie innovative. Metodi: In questo studio, ho valutato l’espressione dei miRNA tramite analisi comparativa in campioni di siero di pazienti affetti da mesothelioma maligno della pleura (MPM), lavoratori ex-esposti alle fibre di amianto (WEA) e soggetti sani (HS), con la tecnica del microarray. I risultati sono stati confermati tramite RT-qPCR. Resultati: L'analisi comparativa dei miRNA è stata eseguita per valutarne i profili di espressione nel siero delle tre coorti in studio. In generale, ho rilevato più miRNA nel siero di HS rispetto a MPM e WEA, inoltre nel gruppo WEA si evidenzia un ridotto numero di miRNA rispetto a quelli rivelato in MPM e HS. L’analisi al microarray ha rilevato diversi profili di espressione dei miRNA in campioni di siero MPM, WEA e HS; in particolare i miR-197-3p, miR-1281 e miR-32-3p sono stati rilevati come i principali miRNA disregolati. Al fine di convalidare i dati del microarray, è stata eseguita un’analisi RT-qPCR di tre miRNA differenzialmente espressi nelle coorti MM, WEA e HS. I mir-197-3p, miR-1281 e miR-32-3p sono stati trovati up-regolati nel confronto MPM vs HS. È possibile che le fibre di amianto possano regolare negativamente l'espressione dei miRNA, in un modo simile a quello rilevato per il sistema immunitario, che appare down-regolato nel gruppo WEA. L’espressioni dei mir-197-3p e miR-32-3p sono simili nei gruppi WEA e HS, mentre sono up-regulate nel gruppo MPM. L’espressione del mir-1281 è risultata simile nei gruppi MPM e WEA, e risulta up-regolata rispetto al gruppo HS. Conclusioni: In questo studio, tre miRNA circolanti, miR-197-3p, miR-1281 e miR-32-3p, sono stati trovati disregolati. È noto che i miRNA regolano l'espressione genica legandosi al 3'UTR dell’RNA mesaggero di geni bersaglio. Ulteriori studi sono necessari per valutare la relazione tra questi miRNA e i loro mRNA target, nell’ipotesi che questi geni target siano coinvolti nella progressione del ciclo cellulare e nella mobilità delle cellule, promuovendo così la trasformazione cellulare e l’insorgenza/progressione del MPM, come evidenziato in altri tumori umani.

New circulating microRNAs in serum samples from malignant pleura mesothelioma affected patients as new biomarkers of this neoplasm

PUOZZO, Andrea
2016

Abstract

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a fatal cancer, with an increasing incidence world-wide. MPM, which is resistant to conventional therapies, is diagnosed in a late stage with a median survival of 12 months. Exposure to asbestos is the main risk factor for the MPM, which may occur in workers even decades after exposure to this tumorigenic mineral. The identification of new and specific markers is of a paramount importance for an early detection, diagnosis, treatment and to understand the evolution of this malignancy. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs), from cells or sera, have been proposed as new biomarkers. Recent studies have shown the differential expression of mature miRNAs in several human cancers, suggesting their potential role as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this investigation was to identify extracellular miRNAs as putative biomarkers for MPM and potential targets for innovative therapies. Methods: In this study, I investigated miRNA expression on the comparative analysis in serum samples from MPM affected patients, workers ex-exposed to asbestos fibers (WEA) and healthy subjects (HS), with microarray approach. These results were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: A comparative analysis of miRNAs was performed to evaluate their expression profiles in the sera in the three cohorts considered. In general, I detected more miRNAs in sera of HS compared to MPM and WEA, whereas in WEA a reduced number of miRNA was shown compared to those revealed in MPM and HS. Microarray analysis showed different miRNA expression profiles in serum samples from MPM, WEA and HS, being miR-197-3p, miR-1281 and miR-32-3p the most relevant miRNA found dysregualted. In order to validate the microarray data, RT-qPCR analyses were carried out on three miRNAs resulted differentially expressed in MPM, WEA and HS cohorts. MiR-197-3p, miR-1281 and miR-32-3p were found up-regulated in MPM vs HS. It is possible that the asbestos fibers may regulated negatively the miRNA expression, in a way similar to that detected for the immune system, which appeared down-regulated in WEA. Mir-197-3p and mir-32-3p expression in WEA and HS groups were similar, whereas it was up-regulated in MPM group. MiR-1281 expression was similar in MPM and WEA groups, while it was up-regulated compared to HS group. Conclusions: In this study, three circulating miRNAs, namely miR-197-3p, miR-1281 and miR-32 3p, were found dysregulated. It is known that miRNAs regulate the gene expression by binding to mRNA 3'UTR of target genes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between these miRNAs and their mRNA targets. It would be possible that these targets/genes are involved in the cell cycle progression and cell mobility, thus promoting cell transformation and the MPM onset/progression, as shown in other human cancers.
TOGNON, Mauro
BONONI, Ilaria
CAPITANI, Silvano
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403283
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