Within the field of EU policies, the transport sector has always been particularly important, serving as a necessary instrument for the creation of the common market and for the implementation of fundamental freedoms relating to the circulation of goods and people. Alongside a first stage characterised by the gradual opening of markets to competition rules, the intervention of the supranational legislator has progressively distinguished itself due to the particular attention paid to passenger rights. The objective to introduce uniform measures to guarantee the protection of travellers using different means of transport has been pursued, and to a certain extent achieved, by means of the gradual adoption of appropriate regulations regarding not only aspects relating to the liability of the carrier as regards damage potentially caused to the passenger following an accident, but also damage caused due to the non-fulfilment or the failure to comply with the transport contract. This research is dedicated to this latter aspect, which, by focusing particularly on the civil aviation sector, it proposes to give an insight into the solutions adopted at a European level, trying to provide an answer to the great many interpretative questions raised by EC Regulation n. 261/2004. In the first chapter, the regulatory framework currently in force relating to the subject of safeguarding passengers’ interests is dealt with, by highlighting its ratio as well as its relationship with the traditional consumer protection rules. The final paragraph, in particular, sheds light onto the specific reasons that have led to the delimitation of the EC Regulation n. 261/2004 research field. The second chapter, divided into two sections, is dedicated to the analysis of the European regulation protecting air passengers in case of denied boarding, flight cancellation and prolonged delay. The first section reconstructs the regulatory development on this subject, retracing the fundamental stages and anticipating some of the thorniest interpretative questions raised by EC Regulation n. 261/2004, moreover by analysing also the possible reform prospects of the current regulatory framework in the light of the proposal put forward by the European Commission on 13th March 2013. Also from a diachronic perspective, by taking into consideration any possible new issues deriving from a potential approval of the proposal to revise the EC Regulation, the second section focuses its attention on single cases relating to the non-fulfilment or the failure to comply with the air transport contract specified by the European regulation. In an attempt to provide a key to interpret the exact and concrete scope of guaranteed passenger rights, as well as the obligations imposed on carriers, also other solutions are hypothesised as regards the main interpretative questions raised (not only) by the (current) European regulation. The third chapter focuses on the nature of the remedies foreseen by EC regulation n. 261/2004 with a view to achieving a satisfactory coordination between the European regulation and the Montreal Convention of 1999, moreover clarifying the relationship existing between these two from a different perspective compared to the one acquired by the law enforced by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Finally, the fourth chapter turns its attention to national law, by analysing the passenger’s right to receive compensation for damage suffered following the occurrence of one of the situations of nonfulfilment expressly specified at a European level. In particular, the possibility of acknowledging the passenger’s right to compensation for non-material damage suffered due to the non-fulfilment of the air transport contract is studied.
Nell’ambito delle politiche dell’Unione europea il settore dei trasporti ha da sempre avuto particolare rilevanza, ponendosi come necessario strumento per la realizzazione del mercato comune e per l’attuazione delle libertà fondamentali di circolazione delle merci e delle persone. Accanto ad una prima fase caratterizzata dalla graduale apertura dei mercati alle regole sulla concorrenza, l’intervento del legislatore sovranazionale è venuto progressivamente a contraddistinguersi per una peculiare attenzione verso i diritti dei passeggeri. L’obiettivo di introdurre misure uniformi di protezione dei viaggiatori nei diversi modi di trasporto è stato perseguito, e in certa misura raggiunto, mediante la graduale adozione di appositi regolamenti concernenti non solo gli aspetti relativi alla responsabilità del vettore per i danni eventualmente occorsi al passeggero a causa di un sinistro, ma anche quelli connessi all’inadempimento o all’inesatto adempimento del contratto di trasporto. A quest’ultimo aspetto è dedicato il presente lavoro di ricerca, il quale prendendo in esame in particolare il comparto dell’aviazione civile si propone di indagare le soluzioni adottate a livello europeo, cercando di fornire risposta ai molteplici quesiti interpretativi sollevati dal reg. CE n. 261/2004. Nel primo capitolo, si analizza il quadro normativo attualmente vigente in materia di protezione degli interessi dei passeggeri, evidenziandone la ratio e i rapporti con la tradizionale disciplina a tutela del consumatore. L’ultimo paragrafo, in particolare, mette poi in luce le peculiari ragioni che hanno indotto a delimitare il campo della ricerca al reg. CE n. 261/2004. Il secondo capitolo, suddiviso in due sezioni, è dedicato all’analisi della disciplina europea a tutela del passeggero aereo in caso di negato imbarco, cancellazione del volo e ritardo prolungato. La prima sezione ricostruisce l’evoluzione normativa in materia, ripercorrendone le tappe fondamentali e anticipando alcune delle più spinose questioni interpretative sollevate dal reg. CE n. 261/2004, analizzando peraltro anche le possibili prospettive di riforma dell’attuale quadro normativo alla luce della proposta avanzata dalla Commissione europea lo scorso 13 marzo 2013. Sempre in una prospettiva diacronica, tenendo conto delle possibili novità derivanti da un’eventuale approvazione della proposta di revisione del reg. CE, la seconda sezione focalizza l’attenzione sulle singole fattispecie di mancato o inesatto adempimento del contratto di trasporto aereo tipizzate dalla normativa europea. Nel tentativo di fornire per via ermeneutica l’esatta e concreta portata dei diritti garantiti ai passeggeri, così come degli obblighi imposti ai vettori, vengono inoltre ipotizzate alcune soluzioni per le principali questioni interpretative poste (non soltanto) dalla (vigente) normativa europea. Il terzo capitolo indaga la natura dei rimedi previsti dal reg. CE n. 261/2004 nell’ottica di pervenire a un soddisfacente coordinamento tra la normativa europea e la Convenzione di Montreal del 1999, chiarendo peraltro il rapporto tra esse esistente in una diversa prospettiva rispetto a quella fatta propria dalla giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea. Volgendo infine l’attenzione all’ordinamento nazionale, nel quarto capitolo si analizza il diritto al risarcimento del danno spettante al passeggero a fronte del verificarsi di una delle fattispecie di inadempimento espressamente tipizzate a livello europeo. In particolare, è indagata la possibilità di riconoscere al viaggiatore la risarcibilità del danno non patrimoniale patito a causa dell’inadempimento del contratto di trasporto aereo.
Inadempimento del contratto di trasporto aereo e diritti dei passeggeri
PEPE, Alessandro
2016
Abstract
Within the field of EU policies, the transport sector has always been particularly important, serving as a necessary instrument for the creation of the common market and for the implementation of fundamental freedoms relating to the circulation of goods and people. Alongside a first stage characterised by the gradual opening of markets to competition rules, the intervention of the supranational legislator has progressively distinguished itself due to the particular attention paid to passenger rights. The objective to introduce uniform measures to guarantee the protection of travellers using different means of transport has been pursued, and to a certain extent achieved, by means of the gradual adoption of appropriate regulations regarding not only aspects relating to the liability of the carrier as regards damage potentially caused to the passenger following an accident, but also damage caused due to the non-fulfilment or the failure to comply with the transport contract. This research is dedicated to this latter aspect, which, by focusing particularly on the civil aviation sector, it proposes to give an insight into the solutions adopted at a European level, trying to provide an answer to the great many interpretative questions raised by EC Regulation n. 261/2004. In the first chapter, the regulatory framework currently in force relating to the subject of safeguarding passengers’ interests is dealt with, by highlighting its ratio as well as its relationship with the traditional consumer protection rules. The final paragraph, in particular, sheds light onto the specific reasons that have led to the delimitation of the EC Regulation n. 261/2004 research field. The second chapter, divided into two sections, is dedicated to the analysis of the European regulation protecting air passengers in case of denied boarding, flight cancellation and prolonged delay. The first section reconstructs the regulatory development on this subject, retracing the fundamental stages and anticipating some of the thorniest interpretative questions raised by EC Regulation n. 261/2004, moreover by analysing also the possible reform prospects of the current regulatory framework in the light of the proposal put forward by the European Commission on 13th March 2013. Also from a diachronic perspective, by taking into consideration any possible new issues deriving from a potential approval of the proposal to revise the EC Regulation, the second section focuses its attention on single cases relating to the non-fulfilment or the failure to comply with the air transport contract specified by the European regulation. In an attempt to provide a key to interpret the exact and concrete scope of guaranteed passenger rights, as well as the obligations imposed on carriers, also other solutions are hypothesised as regards the main interpretative questions raised (not only) by the (current) European regulation. The third chapter focuses on the nature of the remedies foreseen by EC regulation n. 261/2004 with a view to achieving a satisfactory coordination between the European regulation and the Montreal Convention of 1999, moreover clarifying the relationship existing between these two from a different perspective compared to the one acquired by the law enforced by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Finally, the fourth chapter turns its attention to national law, by analysing the passenger’s right to receive compensation for damage suffered following the occurrence of one of the situations of nonfulfilment expressly specified at a European level. In particular, the possibility of acknowledging the passenger’s right to compensation for non-material damage suffered due to the non-fulfilment of the air transport contract is studied.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Pepe Alessandro - tesi dottorato XXVIII ciclo.pdf
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