La donazione al limite. La fenomenologia di Husserl di fronte alle questioni-limite dell’esperienza

The aim of the research is to accurately analyze the concept of givenness in the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl in all its aspects. Initially, we present the general problem of the givenness in relation to the classical themes of phenomenology, such as the evidence and intuition. This allows us to highlight the idea of a primacy of givenness; the givenness is not a product of the phenomenology, but its essential basis. The phenomenological analysis must therefore follow, first of all, "what is given"; in this way the analysis can reach the dimension of passivity, and become a real "archeology", whose task is to study the original and ultimate layers of the constitution. Phenomenological archeology leave the realm of intuition to try to explain, from a phenomenological point of view, all those events that take place in a "limit" of the possibility of experience, or as "limit of possibility of givenness". Therefore, the analysis must face the difficult issue of the non-givenness, of what is no longer available within the phenomenological reduction. To do this, archeology proceeds through the method of deconstruction and "reconstruction". The limitquestions that we analyze presuppose the reconstructive phenomenology. In the first chapter we study the original temporality and the stream of consciousness as a "living present" in his original givenness. The second chapter focuses specifically on the phenomenology of non-givenness, through the analysis of the birth, death and dreamless sleep. In the third chapter, we seek to shed light on the givenness in the sphere of otherness, abnormality and animality. Finally, we analyze the unconscious, from a phenomenological point of view, such as "limit" of the affective force of consciousness, and in its pulsional life. The final section highlights the difference between the "ultimate questions" of phenomenology - metaphysical and teleological questions - and the limit-problems that need an archaeological and reconstructive approach.