This paper is part of some reflections developed by researchers of the research Group Arqueologia e Gestão Integrada do Territorio and Laboratorio de Arqueologia Pedro Ignacio Schmitz-LAPIS, at the Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC. The Group delineated and directed some heritage education initiatives in local school communities within the archeological research project Arqueologia Entre Rios ofUrussanga to Mampituba (AERUM). In this paper we wanted to emphasize the challenge between theory and practice-citizenship when they realize that formal education institutions are solicitous for the socialization of archaeological knowledge in building a more conscious citizen, with broader and more socially just knowledge.