In this essay, I intend to consider how we should evaluate the environmental protection policies when they come into conflict with economic goals and productive activities that play a key role in promoting human well-being. In addressing this question, I argue that we should ponder the policy aims in relation to the impact of human capabilities on environmental resources and environmental conditions that allow people to do different things and to be different identities. In contrast to Rawls’s Theory of justice, I based my approach to evaluation of the policy aims in environmental matters on the “Capabilities Approach” by Martha Nussbaum.