PML Regulates Apoptosis at Endoplasmic Reticulum by Modulating Calcium Release.

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) tumor suppressor is a pleiotropic modulator of apoptosis. However, the molecular basis for such a diverse proapoptotic role is currently unknown. We show that extranuclear Pml was specifically enriched in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), signaling domains involved in ER-to-mitochondria Ca(2+) transport and in induction of apoptosis. We found Pml in complexes of large molecular size with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), protein kinase Akt, and protein phosphatase 2a (PP2a). Pml was essential for Akt and PP2a-dependent modulation of IP3R phosphorylation and in turn for IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release from ER. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pleiotropic role of Pml in apoptosis and identify a pharmacological target for the modulation of Ca(2+) signals.