Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during ipilimumab therapy for malignant melanoma

.....T his is the first case of PRES during ipilimumab therapy. Increasing awareness of PRES is needed in patients who undergo anti–CTLA-4 therapies and develop irAEs such as hypophysitis in our patient. Autoimmune disorders are associated with an increased risk of PRES; autoimmune hypophysitis, however, does not seem to be implicated in the development of PRES. Further inves- tigations on the mechanisms of toxicity and risk factors for PRES are necessary