New lithium ion batteries exploiting conversion/alloying anode and LiFe0.25Mn0.5Co0.25PO4 olivine cathode

New Li-ion cells are formed by combining a LiFe0.25Mn0.5Co0.25PO4 olivine cathode either with Sn-Fe2O3-C or with Sn-C composite anodes. These active materials exhibit electrochemical properties very attractive in view of practical use, including the higher working voltage of the LiFe0.25Mn0.5Co0.25PO4 cathode with respect to conventional LiFePO4, as well as the remarkable capacity and rate capability of Sn-Fe2O3-C and Sn-C anodes. The stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, along with proper mass balancing and anode pre-lithiation, allow stable galvanostatic cycling of the full cells. The two batteries, namely Sn-Fe2O3-C/LiFe0.25Mn0.5Co0.25PO4 and Sn-C/LiFe0.25Mn0.5Co0.25PO4, reversibly operate revealing promising electrochemical features in terms of delivered capacity, working voltage and stability, thus suggesting these electrodes combinations as suitable alternatives for an efficient energy storage.