Le site d’Aïn Dfali se trouve au sud de la ville d’Ouazzane et au Nord-ouest du village Aïn Defali. Cette zone se situe à l’extrémité ouest de la plaine du Gharb dans la zone sud des nappes pré-rifaines. Les formations quaternaires sont localisées sur la rive droite de l’oued Redat. Les grandes collines, à l’ouest du village d’Aïn Dfali, sont constituées d’alluvions à cailloutis et à graviers attribuées au Quaternaire ancien. Au piémont de ces collines, le Quaternaire moyen prend place avec un relief atténué. La matière première exploitée pour la confection de l’industrie trouvée sur le site est constituée essentiellement de quartzite avec un choix des supports de taille moyenne à grande. Les chaînes opératoires ne sont pas complètes comme démontré par l’absence de la composante relative aux éclats de mise en forme et de petites dimensions. Les chaînes opératoires de façonnage et de débitage coexistent. Le façonnage est essentiellement représenté par des bifaces et des chopper-nucléus. Les bifaces sont souvent façonnés sur une face et montrent d’importants résidus corticaux ; il s’agit de bifaces sur éclats ou sur galets allongés et aplatis. Les éclats utilisés comme support sont généralement corticaux. Les chopper-nucléus sont exploités par débitage unipolaire unifacial (de 3 à 5 enlèvements) et montrent un tranchant sinueux probablement non fonctionnel. Les méthodes de débitage sont Levallois (récurrent et linéale), discoïde unifaciale et bifaciale et SSDA. Le débitage SSDA voit l’exploitation de 2/4 plans de frappe par une méthode unipolaire pour l’obtention d’éclats de grandes/moyennes dimensions de formes irrégulières et souvent à résidus corticaux latéraux. Très peux produit retouché ont été trouvé. Le débitage Levallois est fait sur des galets aplatis et ronds, la mise en forme de la surface Levallois est réalisée par des enlèvements centripètes et le plan de débitage montre soit le détachement d’un éclat préférentiel de forme ronde soit une exploitation récurrente centripète ou récurrente unipolaire ; documentée aussi par la production des pointes Levallois. Le débitage discoïde, sur galets arrondis, est surtout de type unifacial et voit l’exploitation préférentielle d’une convexité prononcée ou l’exploitation alternée de deux convexités opposées. Les produits obtenus sont épais et ont une forme triangulaire/quadrangulaire avec des négatifs convergents. Le matériel retrouvé à Aïn Dfali est le résultat d’un transport sélectif et se trouve en position secondaire mais permet d’attester une importante occupation préhistorique acheuléenne dans la région.

The site of Aïn Dfali is located in the south of Ouazzane city of, in the Northwest of the village Aïn Defali. This area is situated at the western end of the Gharb plain in the southern area of pre-Rif tables. The Quaternary formations are located on the right bank of the river Redat. The large hills, at the West of Aïn Dfali village, consist of alluvium gravel attributed to Early Quaternary. In the foothills, the Middle Quaternary takes place with an attenuated highlighted. The exploited raw material used to make the lithic industries, found on the site, consists mainly of quartzite with a choice of mid/big-sized blocks. The reduction sequences are not complete as demonstrated by the absence of preparation and small flakes. Debitage and shaping reduction sequences coexist in this site. The shaping is essentially represented by handaxes and chopper-cores. Handaxes are often shaped on one side and show significant cortical residues; they are shaped on flakes elongated and flattened cobbles. The flakes used as blanks are generally cortical. The chopper-cores are exploited by unifacial unipolar knapping (from 3 to 5 removals) and show a probably non-functional sinuous edge. The utilized methods of knapping are Levallois (recurrent and lineal), discoid bifacial and unifacial and SSDA. The SSDA method shows the exploitation of 2/4 knapping platforms by an unipolar method aimed at obtaining large/medium sized flakes with irregular shapes and often lateral cortical residues. Very few retouched blanks were found. The Levallois debitage is done on flat and rounded cobbles, the preparation of the Levallois surface is carried out by centripetal knapping and the debitage surfaces show the detachment of a preferential flake, with a round shape, or a recurrent (centripetal or unipolar) exploitation; also documented is the production of Levallois points. The discoid debitage is performed on rounded cobbles, it is mostly unifacial and it shows the preferential exploitation of a pronounced convexity or the alternating exploitation of two opposing convexities. The flakes obtained are thick and have a triangular/rectangular shape with converging negatives. The material found in Aïn Dfali is the result of a selective transport and is in the secondary position but allows to certify an important prehistoric Acheulian occupation in the region.

Techno-economical characteristics of the lithic industries coming from a surface Acheulean site: Aïn Dfali, Ouazzane, Morocco

ARZARELLO, Marta
Primo
;
2016

Abstract

The site of Aïn Dfali is located in the south of Ouazzane city of, in the Northwest of the village Aïn Defali. This area is situated at the western end of the Gharb plain in the southern area of pre-Rif tables. The Quaternary formations are located on the right bank of the river Redat. The large hills, at the West of Aïn Dfali village, consist of alluvium gravel attributed to Early Quaternary. In the foothills, the Middle Quaternary takes place with an attenuated highlighted. The exploited raw material used to make the lithic industries, found on the site, consists mainly of quartzite with a choice of mid/big-sized blocks. The reduction sequences are not complete as demonstrated by the absence of preparation and small flakes. Debitage and shaping reduction sequences coexist in this site. The shaping is essentially represented by handaxes and chopper-cores. Handaxes are often shaped on one side and show significant cortical residues; they are shaped on flakes elongated and flattened cobbles. The flakes used as blanks are generally cortical. The chopper-cores are exploited by unifacial unipolar knapping (from 3 to 5 removals) and show a probably non-functional sinuous edge. The utilized methods of knapping are Levallois (recurrent and lineal), discoid bifacial and unifacial and SSDA. The SSDA method shows the exploitation of 2/4 knapping platforms by an unipolar method aimed at obtaining large/medium sized flakes with irregular shapes and often lateral cortical residues. Very few retouched blanks were found. The Levallois debitage is done on flat and rounded cobbles, the preparation of the Levallois surface is carried out by centripetal knapping and the debitage surfaces show the detachment of a preferential flake, with a round shape, or a recurrent (centripetal or unipolar) exploitation; also documented is the production of Levallois points. The discoid debitage is performed on rounded cobbles, it is mostly unifacial and it shows the preferential exploitation of a pronounced convexity or the alternating exploitation of two opposing convexities. The flakes obtained are thick and have a triangular/rectangular shape with converging negatives. The material found in Aïn Dfali is the result of a selective transport and is in the secondary position but allows to certify an important prehistoric Acheulian occupation in the region.
2016
Arzarello, Marta; Boudad, Larbi; Petrone, Pier Paolo; Mikdad, Abdeslam; Nekkal, Fadoua; Nami, Mustapha
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